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Abstract of Publications
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| A-1 |
Singh, Karam V, Joshi, V and Bansal, SK. Studies on mosquito
vector species in indoor habitats of desert and non-desert regions of Rajasthan.
J. Commun. Dis., 1991,
23: 263-69. |
|
| A-2 |
Singh, Karam V and Tyagi, BK. A brief report on mite infestation
of Anopheles stephensi
Liston in the desert villages of Rajasthan. J.
ISHEER, 1991, 1: 73-75. |
|
| A-3 |
Tyagi, BK and Singh, Karam V. Anopheline mosquitoes of Sri
Ganganagar district (Rajasthan) transmitting malrial parasite. J.
Appl. Zool. Res., 1991, 2: 85-91. |
|
| A-4 |
Tyagi, BK, Bansal, SK and Singh, Karam V. Intraspecific morphological
variations in two ecotypes of Anopheles stephensi Liston in
north-western Rajasthan (Diptera: Culicidae). Ann.
Entomol., 1991, 9: 85-89. |
|
| A-5 |
Bansal, SK and Singh, Karam V. Prevalence and seasonal distribution
of Anopheline fauna in district Bikaner (Rajasthan). Indian J. Malariol., 1993, 30: 119-25. |
|
| A-6 |
Singh, Karam V and Bansal, SK. Feeding behaviour of Anopheles
stephensi Liston in arid conditions. Indian
J. Parasitol., 1994, 18: 221-22. |
|
| A-7 |
Tyagi, BK, Singh, Karam V, Bansal, SK and Yadav, SP. Malaria
epidemic in some desert villages of North West Rajasthan.
J. App. Zool. Res., 1994, 5: 152 – 55. |
|
| A-8 |
Bansal, SK and Singh, Karam V. Comparative susceptibility
of two culicine vectors of DF/DHF and Lymphatic filariasis to insecticides
in district Bikaner. Proc. Intl., Symp., Vect. Vector-
borne Dis., 1995, 2: 86-90. |
|
| A-9 |
Tyagi, BK, Chaudhary, RC and Yadav, SP. Epidemic malaria
in Thar Desert, India. The Lencet, 1995, 344. |
|
| A-10 |
Bansal, SK and Singh, Karam V. Insecticide susceptibility
status of some anopheline mosquitoes in district Bikaner, Rajasthan. Indian
J. Malariol., 1996, 33: 1-6. |
|
| A-11 |
Joshi. V, Dixit, AK and Singhi, M. Impact of water temperature
on the development period of immatures of Aedes aegypti
from a dengue affected area of Western Rajasthan, India, Oikoassay, 1996, 13: 1-2. |
|
| A-12 |
Joshi, V, Mathur, ML, Dixit, AK and Singhi, M. Entomological
studies in a dengue endemic area, Jalore, Rajasthan. Indian
J. Med. Res., 1996, 104: 161-65. |
|
| A-13 |
Joshi, V, Singhi, M and Chaudhary, RC. Transovarial transmission
of dengue 3 virus by Aedes aegypti. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg.,
1996, 90: 643-44. |
|
| A-14 |
Singh, Karam V and Bansal, SK. Current status
of Anopheles stephensi response to various insecticides in some
areas of Thar desert. Indian
J. Med. Res., 1996, 103: 299-03. |
|
| A-15 |
Tyagi, BK and Yadav, SP. Malaria and Vector
Control - Awareness of a Rural Community in the Thar Desert following an
Epidemic. WHO Regional Health Forum, 1996,
1: 41-45. |
|
| A-16 |
Tyagi, BK and Yadav, SP. Malariological and
sociological significance of ‘tanka’ and ‘beri’ in the Thar Desert, Western
Rajasthan, India. J. Arid Environments,
1996, 33: 497-01. |
|
| A-17 |
Tyagi, BK and Yadav, SP. Co-relation of Irrigation
and Flood Water Management with malaria in the Thar Desert. WHO
Regional Health Forum, 1997, 2: 5-11. |
|
| A-18 |
Yadav, SP, Tyagi, BK and Ramnath, T.
Knowledge attitude and practice towards malaria in rural community
of the epidemic – prone Thar desert, North-Western, India.
J. Commun. Dis., 1999, 31: 127 – 36. |
|
| A-19 |
Tyagi, BK, Yadav, SP, Sachdev, R, and Dam,
PK. Malaria outbreak in the Indira Gandhi Nahar Pariyojana Command Area
in Jaisalmer district, Thar Desert, India. J. Commun.
Dis., 2000, 33: 88-95. |
|
| A-20 |
Joshi, V and Sharma, RC. Impact of vertically-transmitted
dengue virus viability of eggs of virus-inoculated Aedes
aegypti. Dengue Bulletin, 2001, 25: 103-06 |
|
| A-21 |
Tyagi, BK and Yadav, SP. Bionomics of malaria
vectors in two physiographically different areas of the epidemic – prone
Thar desert, North-western Rajasthan. J. Arid Environments, 2001, 47: 161-72. |
|
| A-22 |
Joshi, V, Mourya, DT and Sharma, RC. Persistence of Dengue-3
virus through transovarial transmission passage in successive generations
of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Am. J. Trop. Med.
Hyg., 2002, 67: 158-61. |
|
| A-23 |
Bansal, SK and Singh, Karam V. Insecticide susceptibility
status of Aedes aegypti to DDT and Dieldrin in desert and non-desert parts of Rajasthan.
J. Environ. Biol., 2003, 24: 113-16. |
|
| A-24 |
Singh, Karam V and Bansal, SK.
Larvicidal properties of a perennial herb Solanum
xanthocarpum against vectors of malaria and dengue/DHF. Current Science, 2003, 84: 749-
51. |
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| A-25 |
Bansal, SK and Singh, Karam V. Efficacy of different organophosphate
and synthetic pyrethroid
insecticides to the larvae of
malaria vector Anopheles stephensi
Liston. J. Environ. Biol., 2004,
25: 485-88. |
|
| A-26 |
Singhi, Manju, Joshi, V, Sharma, RC and Sharma, Keerti. Ovipositioning
behaviour of Aedes aegypti in different concentrations of latex of Calotropis procera: Studies on
Refrectory behaviour and relative preference trend across gonotrophic cycles.
Dengue Bulletin,
2004, 28: 184-88. |
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| A-27 |
Joshi, V, Sharma, RC, Singhi, M, Singh, H, Sharma, K, Sharma,
Y and Adha, S. Entomological studies on malaria in irrigated and non irrigated
areas of Thar desert, Rajasthan, India. J. Vect.
Borne Dis., 2005, 42: 25-29. |
|
| A-28 |
Singhi, M, Joshi, V, Sharma, RC, Adha, S and Dixit, AK. Larvicidal
efficacy of Calotropis procera against vectors
of dengue, malaria and lymphatic filariasis in Arid Zone of Rajasthan. Annals
of Arid Zone, 2005, 44: 185-90. |
|
| A-29 |
Yadav, SP, Sharma, RC and Joshi, V. Study of social determinants
of malaria in desert parts of Rajasthan, India. J.
Vect. Borne Dis., 2005, 42: 141-46. |
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| A-30 |
Bansal, S K and Singh, Karam V. Laboratory evaluation for
comparative insecticidal activity of some synthetic pyrethroids against
vector mosquitoes in arid region. J. Environ. Biol., 2006, 27:
251-55. |
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| A-31 |
Joshi, Vinod, Sharma, RC, Adha, Sandeep, Sharma, Keerti,
Singh, Himmat, Purohit, Anil and Singhi, Manju. Importance of Socio-economic
status and tree holes in distribution of Aedes mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicide)
in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. J. Med. Entomol., 2006, 43: 330-36. |
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| A-32 |
Bansal, SK and Singh, Karam V. Relative susceptibility of
some common mosquito vector larvae to synthetic insecticidal compounds in
north western Rajasthan. J. Environ. Biol.,
2006. (In Press) |
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|
Abstracts |
|
| A-1 |
Singh, Karam V, Joshi, V
and Bansal, SK. Studies on mosquito vector species in indoor habitats of
desert and non-desert regions of Rajasthan. J. Commun.
Dis., 1991, 23: 263-69. |
|
|
The survey carried-out in 2 desert (Jodlhpur & Bikaner)
and 1 non-desert (Jaipur) districts of Rajasthan revealed that medically
important mosquitoes comprised of 3 genera and 11 mosquito species. Culex
pseudovishnui, C. malayi and Anopheles
culicifacies were found in desert districts
only and An. fluviatilis, C. gelidus and Aedes vittatus in non-desert Jaipur district only. Except An. subpictus , all the species
in desert region had peak density in RH range of 21-60 per cent while in
non-desert area most of the species had highest density in RH range of 61-80
per cent. No species in non-desert area occurred at temperature more than
40 °C. |
|
| A-2 |
Singh, Karam V and Tyagi,
BK. A brief report on mite infestation of Anopheles
stephensi
Liston in the desert villages of Rajasthan. J.
ISHEER, 1991, 1: 73-75. |
|
|
Mite (Arrenurus sp.) infestation was
observed only in An. stephensi among the anophelines encountered in north-western areas of Rajasthan.
Although, the infestation was observed on abdomen, thorax and the undersides
of the wing-bases, the intensity of parasitization was higher in the abdominal
region. Most of the mites, both larval and adult forms, were noticed attached
to the lateral aspects of the abdomen. Freshly fed mosquito females were
found with more mites. |
|
| A-3 |
Tyagi, BK and Singh, Karam
V. Anopheline mosquitoes of Sri Ganganagar district (Rajasthan) transmitting
malrial parasite. J. Appl. Zool. Res., 1991, 2: 85-91. |
|
|
Seven anophelines were recorded from Sri Ganganagar district,
Rajasthan, Anopheles subpictus
(56.09%) was most dominant, followed by A.
culicifacies (27.43%), A. stephensi (14.4%), A. vagus (1.72%), A. annularis (0.18%), A. splendidus (0.09%) and A. nigerrimus (0.09%). A. culicifacies was incriminated by the oocyst stage in the gut. Amongst the
known (pmh density 22) showed a maximum increase during the monsoon and
post-monsoon months. While these two species bred profusely in the open
irrigation channels and the rainfed ground breeding sources characteristically
present in the villages of Sangaria PHC. A.
stephensi bred preferably in the ‘Tanka’ of the desert villages of the
Pilibanga PHC, as the predominant species amongst all anophelines collected. |
|
| A-4 |
Tyagi, BK, Bansal, SK and
Singh, Karam V. Intraspecific morphological variations in two ecotypes of
Anopheles stephensi Liston
on north-western Rajasthan (Diptera: Culicidae). Ann.
Entomol., 1991, 9: 85-89. |
|
|
Morphological variations were studied in An.
stephensi Liston in two physiographically different areas in north-western
Rajasthan. Differences in total body length, wings palpi and the speckling
of palpi and legs were observed. |
|
| A-5 |
Bansal, SK and Singh, Karam
V. Prevalence and seasonal distribution of Anopheline fauna in district
Bikaner (Rajasthan). Indian J. Malariol., 1993, 30: 119-25. |
|
|
A survey was carried out during 1989-91 to study the prevalence
and distribution of Anopheline mosquitoes in 12 villages located in all
the 4 tehsils of Bikaner district. Six species, viz.
Anopheles subpictus (34.7%0,
An. stephensi (33.3%), An. culicifacies (18.0%), An. annularis (12.1%), An. pulcherrimus (1.1%) and An. barbirostris (0.8%) were
collected. An. stephensi was present throughout the year and other species were present
during the monsoon and post-monsoon periods. During the peak winter period
(Dec. – Jan.) only An. stephensi was present in low density. An.
culicifacies made its appearance only during
the spring season and continued up to the middle of November. An. subpictus, An. pulcherrimus, An. barbirostris and An. annularis were found only during the monsoon and post-monsoon periods.
An. subpictus was the most abundant species during the monsoon, and so was
An. stephensi
during the spring season in indoor habitats |
|
| A-6 |
Singh, Karam V and Bansal,
SK. Feeding behaviour of Anopheles stephensi Liston in arid conditions. Indian
J. Parasitol., 1994, 18: 221-22. |
|
|
In some of the desert villages, freshly fed individuals of
An. stephensi were collected during dusk hours in relatively higher proportions,
particularly in winter and summer months, which may be attributed to the
situations created due to the extreme conditions of temperatures during
these months. The behavioural change in An. stephensi, though was not
found statistically significant but suggests detailed investigations on
the feeding behaviour and host preference of this species in the area. |
|
| A-7 |
Tyagi, BK, Singh, Karam V,
Bansal, SK and Yadav, SP. Malaria epidemic in some desert villages of North
West Rajasthan. J. App. Zool. Res., 1994, 5: 152 – 55. |
|
|
Entomological and parasitological investigations were carried
out in two villages of Indira Gandhi canal command area i.e. Madasar and
Awai( PHC Nachna, Dist. Jaisalmer) and two desert villages, i.e. Kanasar
and Khetusar ( PHU Baap, Dist. Jodhpur), during and after a malaria epidemic
between November 1992 and January, 1993. Positivity rate in the Mass Blood
Survey in the IG canal villages was 85.2% compared to 26.3% in the desert
villages. The Plasmodium falciparum rate, along with higher gametocyte rate only in IG canal villages,
ranged between 72.7% and 92.8% in the study villages, indicating the severity
of the problem. Among the eight anopheline species collected, the known
vector An. stephensi and An. culicifacies occur in high densities posing a threat of sustained malaria
transmission. Vector species, An. stephensi,
appeared totally susceptible to malathion 5% but only partially susceptible
(50%) to DDT 4%. |
|
| A-8 |
Bansal, SK and Singh, Karam
V. Comparative susceptibility of two culicine vectors of DF/DHF and Lymphatic
filariasis to insecticides in district Bikaner. Proc.
Intl. Symp. Vect. Vector- borne Dis., 1995, 2: 86-90. |
|
|
Insecticide susceptibility experiments were conducted on
the adults of two species of mosquito vectors of DF/DHF and lymphatic filariasis
viz. Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus respectively,
from district Bikaner (Rajasthan) during 1992-93 against diagnostic doses
of DDT, Dieldrin, malathion, fenitrothion, propoxur and permethrin at different
time intervals. Cx. quinquefasciatus was found resistant to all the insecticides tested except permethrin.
Ae. Aegypti, however, was susceptible to malathion and permethrin, while
with DDT, dieldrin, fenitrothion and propoxur, an incipient resistance was
indicated. On comparison Cx. quinquefasciatus was found much more resistant as compared to Ae. aegypti. |
|
| A-9 |
Tyagi, BK, Chaudhary, RC
and Yadav, SP. Epidemic malaria in Thar Desert, India. The
Lencet, 1995, 344. |
|
|
North-west India’s Thar desert today is not as it is shown
in atlases. The construction of three major canal systems- namely, the Gang
canal (1927), the Bhakra Sirhind feeder canal (1954), and the Indira Gandhi
canal (1957) – has had a bearing on malaria epidemics in the region. These
canals together irrigate about 14000 km2.
Furthermore, large areas on the course of the canals, most notably the Indira
Gandhi with its 9000 km of channels, are perennially inundated by seepage
water from the irrigation channels. These inputs have raised the water table,
altered the texture, water-holding capacity, and salinity of the soil, and
have affected crop patterns. This complex, the Indira Gandhi Nahar Pariyojana
(IGNP), is one of the world’s largest desert irrigation systems. In the
past decade or so the Thar desert region has experienced four major epidemics-
in 1983 (Ganganagar), 1990 (Barmer, Jodhpur, Pali), 1992-93 (Bikaner), Jodhpur,
Jaisalmer), and 1994 (Barmer, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur). In IGNP command area
A. stephnsi and A. culicifacies thrive abundantly for most of the year and transmit malaria
irrespective of high rainfall. By contrast A.
culicifacies in Barmer is largely dependent
on the rainwater. In the IGNP command area a malaria epidemic can occur
even without heavy rain (as in 1992-93) whereas in the non-IGNP area heavy
rains would predictably be followed by an outbreak. An impact from ENSO
is thus demonstrable in only a part of the Thar desert. |
|
| A-10 |
Bansal, SK and Singh, Karam
V. Insecticide susceptibility status of some anopheline mosquitoes in district
Bikaner, Rajasthan. Indian J. Malariol., 1996, 33: 1-6. |
|
|
Insecticide susceptibility tests were conducted on the adults
of four anopheline species namely, Anopheles annularis, An. culicifacies, Anopheles stephensi , An. subpictus against
the diagnostic doses of six insecticides, viz. DDT (4.0%), dieldrin (0.4%),
malathion (5.0%), fenitrothion (1.0%), propoxur (0.1%) and permethrin (0.25%)
in district Bikaner (Rajasthan). A time dependent effect has been observed
with each insecticide. All the four species were found resistant to DDT
and dieldrin and susceptible to fenitrothion and permethrin. An. culicifacies and An. subpictus showed susceptibility
to malathion, while further verification for the two species was required.
However, with propoxur An. annularis
showed resistance, whereas for other three species further studies are required.
DDT and dieldrin, the two organochlorines, were found least effective as
compared to organophosphates and carbamates. |
|
| A-11 |
Joshi. V, Dixit, AK and
Singhi, M. Impact of water temperature on the development period of immatures
of Aedes aegypti from a dengue
affected area of Western Rajasthan, India, Oikoassay, 1996, 13: 1-2. |
|
|
In-vitro studies to observe impact of water temperature on
development period immatures of Aedes aegypti into adults have
been made. Water temperature of 12-14 0C was observed to prolong the transformation of larvae and
pupae into their adults forms. Temperature about 16 0C and up to 28 0C was found to favour
the process of development of immatures into adults and above 30 0C observed to result
into mortality of immatures. Impact of varying levels of water temperature
on immatures was subjected to statistical analysis and found significant.
Depending upon local climatic condition the month in which favourable water
temperature is reached, would exhibit the seasonal peak of population of
adult Aedes aegypti and subsequently onset of dengue fever in the affected. |
|
| A-12 |
Joshi, V, Mathur, ML, Dixit,
AK and Singhi, M. Entomological studies in a dengue endemic area, Jalore,
Rajasthan. Indian J. Med. Res., 1996, 104: 161-65. |
|
|
Entomological studies on prevalence of adult and immatures
of Aedes aegypti along with associated ecological factors have been conducted
in a dengue endemic area of Jalore, Rajasthan from 1992 to 1993. Studies
in two areas: reportedly affected and unaffected revealed more adults and
higher breeding indices in the affected area as compared to the unaffected
one. Mosquitoes harbouring dengue antigen were found only in the affected
locality. Presence of dengue angtigen in field caught mosquitoes in the
affected locality was observed mainly during the months of January to April
in both the years. Statistical analysis of data has shown a correlation
to be significant between adult house index and breeding index in the affected
area while this association was found insignificant in the unaffected locality.
Water storage practices of the population due to irregular water supply
in the affected area are the possible cause for a higher vector concentration
in the locality. Seasonality of occurrence of dengue fever patients in a
particular period of the year is associated with a relatively higher vector
density and the presence of infected mosquitoes, which is due to favourable
temperature, relative humidity, water temperature and pH. |
|
| A-13 |
Joshi, V, Singhi, M and
Chaudhary, RC. Transovarial transmission of dengue 3 virus by Aedes aegypti. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg.,
1996, 90: 643-44. |
|
|
Dengue fever associated with Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF)
is an important public health problem in the countries of south-east Asia
and the Western pacific (WHO, 1975). Although dengue associated with DHF
has emerged in almost all the part of India (Banerjee, 1994) persistant
of the virus in nature and in susceptible human host could not be substantiated
in the Indian subcontinent by Ilkal et al. (1991), who were unable
to demonstrate the transovarial transmission of dengue virus in mosquitoes
in nature. In Jalore district of the arid western Rajasthan region, India,
epidemic dengue as appeared twice, the first epidemic being reported in
1985. The virus strain dengue 3 has been reported to be active in the region
(Chouhan et al.
1991). |
|
| A-14 |
Singh, Karam V and
Bansal, SK. Current status of Anopheles stephensi response to various insecticides in some
areas of Thar desert. Indian
J. Med. Res., 1996, 103:
299-03. |
|
|
Investigations on the current response of An.
stephensi to six insecticides (DDT, dieldrin, malathion, fenitrothion,
propoxur & permethrin), were carried-out in 3 desert districts (Barmer,
Jodhpur & Pali). The species was found resistant to DDT and dieldrin,
partial resistant to malathion and susceptible to fenitrothion, propoxur
and permethrin. Dieldrin and malathion resistance was detected for the first
time. Chi-square and regression tests revealed the homogeneity and linear
trend respectively in the response of An. stephensi to these insecticides. |
|
| A-15 |
Tyagi, BK and Yadav, SP.
Malaria and Vector Control - Awareness of a Rural Community in the Thar
Desert following an Epidemic. WHO Regional Health Forum,
1996, 1: 41-45. |
|
|
Malaria epidemic struck some villages in the Thar desert
during late 1992 and claimed a number of lives. The village communities
were completely taken aback by the ravages of the outbreak since this
desert population had not previously been exposed to malaria epidemics.
Various factors cumulatively led to the disaster but extensive changes
in the physiographic of the Thar desert due to the introduction of three
major canal systems – the Gange canal (1927), the Bhakra-Sirhind feeder
canal (1955) and the Indira Gandhi canal (1961) – were mainly responsible.
Lack of understanding about malaria by the village communities in the
desert region makes the implementation of measures to control its transmission
very difficult; Securing the participation of the people of the desert
is, therefore considered to be o paramount importance.
|
|
| A-16 |
Tyagi, BK and Yadav, SP.
Malariological and sociological significance of ‘tanka’ and ‘beri’ in the
Thar Desert, Western Rajasthan, India. J. Arid
Environments, 1996, 33: 497-01. |
|
|
Both ’tanka’ and ‘beri’, the well-like structures
made for storing drinking water fetched from distant places or superficially
charged from the runoff water of the monsoon rains, are considered integral
components of rural communities in the Thar Desert of Rajasthan State in
north-western India. An.
stephensi, the confirmed malaria vector in desert regions, breeds in
these structures predominantly. |
|
| A-17 |
Tyagi, BK and Yadav, SP.
Co-relation of Irrigation and Flood Water Management with malaria in the
Thar Desert. WHO Regional Health Forum, 1997, 2: 5-11. |
|
|
The Thar desert in north-western India has
experienced an unprecedented spate of malaria epidemics since the mid-1980s.
The sudden onslaught of falciparum-dominated malaria in the low-immune desert
population inflicted unfathomable misery and took an untimely toll of precious
human life, leaving behind a trail of epidemics. While, on the one hand,
a metoorological theory has been put forth to link the epidemics with the
EI Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) bring heavy and aerratic monsoon, on
the other hand, the inunndative vetorism theory has also been offered to
correlate the onset of the outbreaks of malaria with the sudden and prodigious
increase in the vectors’ relative densities triggered by the extensive breeding
grounds formed by canal irrigation and surplus flood waters in the Thar
desert. |
|
| A-18 |
Yadav, SP, Tyagi, BK and
Ramnath, T. Knowledge attitude
and practice towards malaria in rural community of the epidemic – prone
Thar desert, North-Western, India. J. Commun. Dis., 1999, 31: 127–36. |
|
|
In order to assess the knowledge, attitude
and practice of the rural Thar Desert population about malaria and its vectors,
a total of 345 heads of households, including housewives suffering with
malaria were surveyed randomly, anlong with the same number of healthy control
subjects. in four villages of Jodhpur and Jaisalmer districts of Rajasthan.
north-western India. Results showed that in the traditionally hypo endemic
Thar Desert with low levels of immunity against malaria particularly Plasmodium falciparum, a large
segment of rural people were equally less aware about the dangers of the
disease. About three-fourths of the studied population did not quite comprehend
the purpose of the five decade-old National Anti Malaria Programme, while
nearly 50% respondents were reluctant to accept the programme, while nearly
50% respondents were reluctant to accept the programme lacking the component
of community participation buy directly targetting on the control of the
disease. Consequently, about 50% malaria patients and 60% healthy subjects
lacked in taking initiative to resort to any anti-mosquito or anti-marial
measure to protect themselves, although 27% malaria patients and 2.9% healthy
subjects acknowledge correct causes of malaria. This study, being the first
of its kind in a desert community currently facing emergence of P.falciparum-dominated malaria outbreaks, is a testimony to the hitheroto
prevalent deep gaps in knowledge about the disease, and its results warrant
sincere efforts to link up the malaria control programme with community
participation for protection against this courage in future. |
|
| A-19 |
Tyagi, BK, Yadav, SP, Sachdev,
R, and Dam, PK. Malaria outbreak in the Indira Gandhi Nahar Pariyojana Command
Area in Jaisalmer district, Thar Desert, India.
J. Commun. Dis., 2000, 33: 88-95. |
|
|
A focal outbreak of malaria occurred in the
villages situated close to the main Indira Gandhi canal near Ramgarh in
Jaisalmer district, western Rajasthan. Stagnation of water over a month’s
period in the main canal as well as long standing rain water in the form
of expansive lakes near these villages formed vast breeding grounds for
the vectors like Anopheles culicifacies, along with A. stephensi already breeding in the ‘tanka’ and ‘beri’ in the epidemic
– hit villages. Rapid mass blood surveys along with other entomological
and parasitological investigations were conduced in four of the ten affected
villages, viz., Seuva, Raghwa, Raimala and Sadhna. A total of 992 specimens
belonging to four vector species were sampled, namely, A. Stephensi (47.4%), A. Culicifacies (41.0%),. A subpictus (11.2%) and A. annularis (0.4%). Epidemiologically,
about one-fourth of the examined persons were positive (SPR 25.5%), although
Plasmodium falciparum dominated the parasitaemia (49.5%). Available data are indicative
of changed malariological scenario in the Indira Gandhi Nahar Pariyojna
command area, where epidemics are regular features every year. |
|
| A-20 |
Joshi, V and Sharma, RC.
Impact of vertically-transmitted dengue virus viability of eggs of virus-inoculated
Aedes aegypti. Dengue Bulletin, 2001, 25: 103-06 |
|
|
Transovarial transmission (TOT) is known to occur in Aedes
aegypti. This relationship carries tremendous epidemiological significance.
The progeny of virus-inoculated Aedes aegypti
were followed for seven generations to obseve
the impact of the virus on the viability of eggs and their rearing upto
the adult stage. Dengue virus was found to exert an adverse effect on the
viability of the eggs of the vertically-infected female mosquitoes and their
larval and pupal stages upto adults when compared with the control population.
While TOT ranged from15.5% to 67.5% of the total mosquito populations in
seven experimental generations, the corresponding adverse effect of the
virus on eggs failing to hatch and grow in to adults ranged from 30.0% to
68.1%. |
|
| A-21 |
Tyagi, BK and Yadav, SP.
Bionomics of malaria vectors in two physiographically different areas of
the epidemic – prone Thar desert, North-western Rajasthan.
J. Arid Environments, 2001, 47: 161-72. |
|
|
Entomological and parasitological investigations
were carried out on malaria vectors and disease prevalence in two sets of
village, the highly irrigated Indira Gandhi Nahar Pariyojana (IGNP) command-area
villages (Madassar and Awai), and the truly desertic non-command (un-irrigated)
area villages (Kanasar and Khetusar), located in different ecological conditions
in the Thar Desert, north-western Rajasthan (India). Malaria prevalence,
as determined through sustained fever surveyes, was higher in the IGNP villages
with a slide positivity rate(32%) marginally more than that of the un-irrigated
villages(25.5%), but with a high proportion of Plasmodium
falciparum(76.6%) in the former villages as compared to the latter (16.6%).
Anopheles stephensi, A. culcifacies and A. subpidtus were amongst the eight anopheline species collected from all
the four villages which were found positive for malarial parasites. Anopheles stephensi was the
predominant species in the unirrigated villages (>95%), although in the
irrigated villages A. culcifacies was also found.
The major ecological changes associated with irrigation in the Thar Desert
are understood to be playing an important role in accentuating the transmission
of malaria by improving vector breeding conditins and survival in an othervise
hostile arid environment. |
|
| A-22 |
Joshi, V, Mourya, DT and
Sharma, RC. Persistence of Dengue-3 virus through transovarial transmission
passage in successive generations of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Am. J. Trop. Med.
Hyg., 2002, 67: 158-61. |
|
|
Progeny of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected
intrathoracically with dengue-3 virus was reared to subsequent generations.
In each generation, bloods fed females were confined individually &
the eggs obtained from the transovarially infected female were pooled. The
seventh generation obtained from the infected parental mosquitoes showed
that virus could persist in mosquitoes in successive generations through
transovarial passage. The rate of vertical transmission initially increased
in few generations (F1-F2), but in subsequent generations it was found to
be steady. Parental mosquitoes inoculated with virus showed higher mortality
then the diluent-inoculated controls. There was an increase in the larval
duration of transovarially infected batches at the seventh generation when
compared with uninfected control mosquitoes. The fecundity and fertility
of the transovarially infected batches of mosquitoes was also affected when
compared with the controls. This is the first report demonstrating persistence
of dengue virus in the successive generations of mosquitoes infected through
vertical transmission. These observations which have great epidemiological
importance, suggest that vector mosquitoes may play an important role in
the maintenance of virus in nature and the mosquitoes may act as a reservoir
of these viruses. |
|
| A-23 |
Bansal, SK and Singh, Karam
V. Insecticide susceptibility status of Aedes aegypti to DDT and Dieldrin in desert and non-desert parts of Rajasthan.
J. Environ, Biol., 2003, 24: 113-16. |
|
|
Seasonal prevalence and insecticide susceptibility tests
were carried out on the adults of Aedes aegypti , the vector of
dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DF/DHF), in three desert ( Bikaner,
Jaisalmer and Jodhpur) and three non-desert ( Alwar, Ajmer and Jaipur) districts
of Rajasthan. Among the three species viz. Ae. aegypti, Ae. vittatus and Ae. W-albus encountered during
the survey the former was the most prevalent species. Studies were carried
out both in rural and urban areas against different concentrations of two
organochlorines (DDT and Dieldrin). In rural areas resistance has been observed
with DDT and dieldrin both in desert and non-desert parts while an intermediate
resistance has been observed in the urban areas with both the insecticides
which required further verification. Resistance was more pronounced in rural
areas as compared to urban areas. LC50 along with regression
equation and Chi-square values have been determined for both the insecticides. |
|
| A-24 |
Singh, Karam V and Bansal, SK. Larvicidal properties of a perennial herb Solanum xanthocarpum against vectors
of malaria and dengue/DHF. Current Science,
2003, 84: 749- 51. |
|
|
The studies envisaged larvicidal property in fruit and root
extracts of S. xanthocarpum
against An. culicifacies, An. stephensi and Ae. aegypti. The fruit extract
was 12.5, 9.7 and 16.4 times more toxic than root extract to An. culicifacies, An. stephensi and Ae. aegypti at LC90 level respectively.
The larvicidal properties of this plant can be well utilized while planning
alternate vector control strategies based on integrated vector control measures
through community participation. |
|
| A-25 |
Bansal, SK and Singh, Karam
V. Efficacy of different organophosphate and synthetic
pyrethroid insecticides
to the larvae of malaria vector
Anopheles stephensi
Liston. J. Environ. Biol., 2004, 25:
485-88. |
|
|
Evaluation of the potency of four organophosphate (OP) (Malathion,
Fenthion, Fenitrothion and Temephos) and two synthetic pyrethroid (SP) compounds
(Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin) was carried out against larvae of Anopheles
stephensi, the major malaria vector in district
Bikaner (Rajasthan). Different concentrations supplies by WHO were used
for determining the percent mortalities. LC50 values as calculated by probit analysis were 1.2740, 0.0600,
0.0405, 0.0046, 0.0019 and 0.0016 mg/l respectively for the above six insecticides.
Both SP compounds were found more toxic followed by temephos among the OP
compounds. Malathion was found the least toxic while fenthion and fenitrothion
were in between these two extremes. |
|
| A-26 |
Singhi, Manju, Joshi, V,
Sharma, RC and Sharma, Keerti. Ovipositioning behaviour of Aedes
aegypti in different concentrations of latex of Calotropis procera: Studies
on Refrectory behaviour and relative preference trend across gonotrophic
cycles. Dengue Bulletin, 2004, 28: 184-88. |
|
|
Dengue fever associated with dengue haemorrhagic fever is
gaining endemically in India. Due to lack of any chemotherapy against this
arboviral infection, the control of the disease depends largely on preventive
measures against Aedes mosquito vectors. A wild
shrub, Calotropis procera, commonly growing in the desert areas of Rajasthan has shown
a remarkable effect as larvicide against Aedes
aegypti. However, different water concentrations
of this biocide have also brought forward very important observations on
the ovipositioning behaviour of Aedes aegypti. At 0.7% concentrations
of latex, the gravid female mosquitoes avoided the ovipositioning and this
behaviour continued till three gonotrophic cycles. However, at lower concentrations
(0.2% and 0.1%) of the larvicidal latex, the refractory behaviour of ovipositioning
could not be retained upto the third gonotrophic cycle. The concentration
of latex such as 0.7% and 0.2% were observed as ovicidal also and this effect
continued across all the gonotrophic cycles. The behavioural observations
reported in the present study may serve as significant information on choosing
bio-larvicide for vector control against dengue. |
|
| A-27 |
Joshi, V, Sharma, RC, Singhi,
M, Singh, H, Sharma, K, Sharma, Y and Adha, S. Entomological studies on
malaria in irrigated and non irrigated areas of Thar desert, Rajasthan,
India. J. Vect. Borne Dis., 2005, 42: 25-29. |
|
|
Background and Objectives: Malaria is a major
health problem in western Rajasthan yet its vector fauna and transmission
dynamics thereof is not understood properly. The present investigations
report complete profile of qualitative and quantitative aspects of anopheline
species occurring in different settings of desert ecosystem. Methods: Area
with irrigation through canal for more then 20 years (setting I), area with
irrigation through canal for 10 years (setting II) and area without any
irrigation (setting III) have been selected for studies. Species identification
and their densities (per man hour) was made as per standard methods. Results:
In village of Setting I, during rainy season, An.
subpictus and An. stephensi were present while during winter season four species – An. subpictus, An. stephensi, An. culicifacies and An. annularis were collected.
In all the villages of setting I, II and III no Anopheles mosquito was observed
during summer season. In the villages of desert region without any irrigation
facilities through any canal, the anopheline species were present only during
rainy season. Interpretation and Conclusion: An. stephensi is the major malaria
vector of desert irrespective of whether the area is canal irrigated or
not. During summer season absence of vector species in all the villages
require further studies on micro- ecology of the species under desert conditions. |
|
| A-28 |
Singhi, M, Joshi, V, Sharma,
RC, Adha, S and Dixit, AK. Larvicidal efficacy of Calotropis procera against
vectors of dengue, malaria and lymphatic filariasis in Arid Zone of Rajasthan.
Annals of Arid Zone, 2005, 44: 185-90. |
|
|
Larvicidal efficacy of latex of milky weed plant Calotropis
procera of Arid zone has been evaluated against three important vector
species viz; Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquificiatus at various concentrations. A concentration of 0.3% latex in
water has been found to be optimally effective lethal dose against larvae
of all the three mosquito species. Mode of action of larvicide was observed
to be systemic in action causing probably GI tract enzymatic/ absorptive
induced incapacitation of larvae. Report of Larvicidal properties of C. procera carries significant
public health importance for vector control measures against dengue, malaria
and lymphatic filariasis. |
|
| A-29 |
Yadav, SP, Sharma, RC and
Joshi, V. Study of social determinants of malaria in desert parts of Rajasthan,
India. J. Vect. Borne Dis.,
2005, 42: 141-46. |
|
|
A longitudinal study on social determinants of malaria has
been undertaken in different villages of Ramgarh PHC of Jaisalmer district,
Rajasthan. The study aims to determine social determinants of malaria as
applicable to existing caste groups of desert part of Rajasthan. Out of
940 households in 5 villages 150 households of Rajput community (Forward
Community) and Meghwal community (Back word Community) were selected at
random to study whether due to different of existing cast groups, transmission
of the malaria and its intensity also vary or not. It was found that magnitude
of malaria was three times more in the Meghwal community as compared to
Rajput community. In-migration of natives importing malaria was found to
be prominent cause of more malaria incidence in the backward community.
An intervention policy aiming to study existing status of knowledge among
different caste groups of desert areas could lead to a substantial control
over in-migration as well as further transmission of disease in desert part
of Rajasthan. |
|
| A-30 |
Bansal, SK and Singh, Karam
V. Laboratory evaluation for comparative insecticidal activity of some synthetic
pyrethroids against vector mosquitoes in arid region. J. Environ. Biol., 2006, 27:
251-55. |
|
|
Comparative efficacy of three synthetic pyrethroids
viz., cypermethrin, lambdacyhalothrin
and cyfluthrin was evaluated against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus, the three
important mosquito vectors prevalent in arid region. Studies were carried out on
late 3rd or early 4th instar larvae
of these species using standard WHO technique. Based on concentration mortality
data LC50 and LC90 values along with their fiducial limits, regression equation,
chi-square (X2)/ heterogeneity of the response have been determined by log
probit analysis. LC50 values as observed were 0.0064, 0.00060 & 0.00012 mg /l
for
cypermethrin, 0.0090, 0.0019 & 0.0010 mg /l for lambdacyhalothrin
and 0.0087, 0.0005 & 0.0004 mg /l for cyfluthrin for the above three vectors respectively. The
results showed that larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus
were most susceptible followed by Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi to all the pyrethroids
tested. The chi-square values calculated during the analysis did not show
any heterogeneity of the response. Experiments conducted with adults of
An. stephensi, Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus with three synthetic pyrethroids viz. lambdacyhalothrin (0.05%),
cyfluthrin (0.15%) and deltamethrin (0.05%) showed that all the three compounds
are very effective and a 98- 100% kill was observed when subjected from
15-60 min. time exposure. This study would be useful while planning use
of these insecticides for the control of adult mosquito vectors in this
area. |
|
| A-31 |
Joshi, Vinod, Sharma, RC,
Adha, Sandeep, Sharma, Keerti, Singh, Himmat, Purohit, Anil and Singhi,
Manju. Importance of Socio-economic status and tree holes in distribution
of Aedes mosquitoes (Diptera:
Culicide) in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. J.
Med. Entomol., 2006, 43: 330-36. |
|
|
Immature Aedes mosquitoes were found in
domestic, peridomestic, and tree hole habitats within three socioeconomic
strata of Jodhpur, a city within an arid area of Rajasthan, India, endemic
for dengue. Peridomestic habitats served as a persistent source of Aedes vectors, especially those
used for watering cows for religious reasons that were located within high
socioeconomic areas. Domestic (indoor) containers within low socioeconomic
strata showed a higher container index (27.0%) than periurban areas with
cattle sheds (14.3%) or high socioeconomic areas (18.1%). Mosquitoes were
collected in tree holes at zoos and gardens supporting several species of
monkeys. Six of 67 Aedes albopictus
Skuse reared from immatures collected in tree holes tested positive for
dengue antigen acquired through vertical transmission, possibly indicating
a persistence mechanism for dengue virus within an urban environment. |
|
| A-32 |
Bansal, SK and Singh, Karam
V. Relative susceptibility of some common mosquito vector larvae to synthetic
insecticidal compounds in north western Rajasthan. J.
Environ. Biol., 2006. (In
Press) |
|
|
Relative Susceptibility of three important mosquito vector
larvae viz. Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus,
prevalent in the arid region was determined against four organophosphates
(Malathion, Fenitrothion, Fenthion, Temephos) and three synthetic pyrethroid
(Alphamethrin, Deltamethrin and Fanvalerate) compounds. Studies were carried
out on late 3rd
or early 4th instar larvae of these species using standard WHO technique.
Based on concentration mortality data LC50 and LC90
values along with their fiducial limits,
regression equation, chi-square (χ2)/ heterogeneity of the response have been determined by log
probit regression analysis. LC50 values as observed for the above seven insecticides were 0.8097,
0.0398. 0.0432, 0.0035, 0.0025, 0.0092, 0.1006; 1.2370, 0.0531, 0.0655,
0.0076, 0.00004, 0.00004, 0.0046 and 1.4980, 0.0719, 0.0817, 0.0056, 0.00021,
0.00073, 0.0112 mg/l for the above three mosquito species respectively.
Among the four organophosphates tested temephos was the most effective followed
by fenitrothion, fenthion and malathion. In general, Anopheles was found
more susceptible as compared to the other two culicines to the above four
compounds. The results also showed that larvae of Ae. aegypti were most
susceptible followed by Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. stephensi to all the
three pyrethroids tested. Among the three compounds tested alphamethrin
was found to be the most toxic followed by deltamethrin while fanvalerate
was the least toxic. The study would be of great importance while planning
use of these insecticides for the control of different vector species in
this area. |
|
|
B. Japanese Encephalitis |
|
| B-1 |
Joshi, V and Bansal, SK. Occurrence of Culex
vishnui group of mosquitoes in the rural areas of a desert district
(Bikaner). Indian J. Med. Res., 1991, 93: 259-61. |
|
| B-2 |
Bansal, SK, Joshi V and Singh, Karam V. A survey of the mosquito
fauna, with special reference to vectors of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) in
district Bikaner. Part I The Culicine Fauna. Proc.
Acad. Environ. Biol., 1994, 3:
9-15. |
|
| B-3 |
Bansal, SK and Singh, Karam V. Susceptibility status of two
species of Japanese Encephalitis vectors to insecticides in the Thar Desert,
district Bikaner (Rajasthan). Indian J. Med. Res., 1995, 101:
190-92. |
|
| B-4 |
Singh, Karam V and Bansal, SK. Present susceptibility of
Culex tritaeniorhynchus, to conventional and some other insecticides in Kota (Rajasthan).
J, Commun, Dis.,
1996, 28: 64-66. |
|
|
Abstracts |
|
| B-1 |
Joshi, V and Bansal, SK.
Occurrence of Culex vishnui group of mosquitoes in the rural areas of a desert district
(Bikaner). Indian J. Med. Res., 1991, 93: 259-61. |
|
|
Two important mosquito vectors viz.,
Cx. pseudovishnui and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus have been
studied with respect to their occurrence, breeding and peculiar resting
habitats in the desert district of Bikaner, Rajasthan. Resting habitats
such as depressions made on the walls of rain water ponds by water current
and breeding habitats like agricultural wells are reported. The abiotic
ecological conditions peculiar to desert like saline water, pH and high
temperature were correlated with species densities. Combined effect of temperature
and relative humidity on species populations of adults showed trend of preference
of species towards high relative humidity-temperature combinations. More
larval breeding in water during August was observed. High larval density
was found in the alkaline pH range of 8.6 to 9.2. |
|
| B-2 |
Bansal, SK, Joshi, V and
Singh, Karam V. A survey of the mosquito fauna, with special reference to
vectors of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) in district Bikaner. Part I The Culicine
Fauna. Proc. Acad. Environ. Biol., 1994, 3:
9-15. |
|
|
A survey on the seasonal prevalence, distribution pattern
along with the associated breeding habitats of different mosquito species,
especially the Japanese Encephalitis (JE) vectors was carried out in district
Bikaner. Among the culicine fauna two major genera of mosquitoes Viz. Culex and Aedes have been observed to be prevalent in all the four tehsils
of Bikaner district. The species belonging to genus Culex are Culex quinquefasciatus, Cx. pseudovishnui, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. bitaeniorhynchus,
Cx. raptor, Cx. sitiens, while those belonging
to genus Aedes are Aedes aegypti, Ae.vittatus
and Ae. W-albus. The
species Cx. pseudovishnui and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus are the
proven JE vectors which are a unique finding for this desert region. |
|
| B-3 |
Bansal, SK and Singh, Karam
V. Susceptibility status of two species of Japanese Encephalitis vectors
to insecticides in the Thar desert, district Bikaner(Rajasthan). Indian
J. Med. Res., 1995, 101: 190-92. |
|
|
Susceptibility tests were conducted on the adults of two
species of Japanese encephalitis vectors viz. Culex pseudovishnui and
Cx. tritaeniorhynchus against
diagnostic doses of DDT, dieldrin, malathion, fenitrothion, propoxur and
permethrin at different exposure duration. Cx.
pseudovishnui was found susceptible to permethrin
and resistant to dieldrin and propoxur while Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was found
susceptible to permethrin and resistant to DDT, dieldrin, fenitrothion and
propoxur. Verification, however, was required with other insecticides for
both the species. |
|
| B-4 |
Singh, Karam V and Bansal,
SK. Present susceptibility of Culex tritaeniorhynchus, to conventional and some other insecticides in Kota (Rajasthan).
J. Commun. Dis.,
1996, 28: 64-66. |
|
|
The studies on the susceptibility of Culex
tritaeniorhynchus, a vector of JE, to conventional and other potent insecticides
were carried out in Kota, which is not only surrounded with paddy fields
with an enormous breeding potential of this species , but also harbours
labour employed in a major thermal power plant, migrating from JE epidemic
areas. The species was found susceptible only to permethrin, resistant to
DDT, dieldrin, malathion and propoxur, and partial resistant to fenitrothion.
The LC50
and LC95 values of DDT and dieldrin and LT50 and LT95 values of malathion,
fenitrothion, propoxur and permethrin in future would not only be used to
elucidate the degree of resistance developed in the species, but also be
used in deciding the insecticide of choice during the epidemics. |
|
|
C. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis |
|
| C-1 |
Mahapatra, N, Joshi, V and Bansal, S.K. Host preference pattern
of phlebotomine sandflies of Bikaner City. Indian
J. Med. Res., 1991, 93: 328-29. |
|
| C-2 |
Joshi, V, Bansal, SK and Singh, Karam V. Sandfly fauna of
domestic and para-domestic habitats in arid and semi-arid zones of Rajasthan.
Indian J. Med. Res., 1992, 95: 93-94. |
|
| C-3 |
Bansal, SK and Singh, Karam V. Susceptibility status of Phlebotomus papatasi and Sergentomyia punjabensis (Diptera: Psychodidae) in district Bikaner (Rajasthan). J. Commun. Dis., 1996, 28: 28-32. |
|
| C-4 |
Bansal, SK, Chaudhary, RC, Singh, Karam V, and Lakshminarayana
J. Seasonal prevalence and insecticide susceptibility status of phlebotomine
sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the north-western Thar (District Bikaner,
Rajasthan). Annals of Arid zone, 1996,
35: 377-82. |
|
| C-5 |
Singh, Karam V and Bansal, SK. Insecticide susceptibility
of Phlebotomus papatasi to organo-chlorine, organophosphate and carbamate compounds
in some arid areas of western Rajasthan. Indian
J. Med. Res., 1996, 103: 91-93. |
|
| C-6 |
Joshi, V, Bansal, SK and Mahapatra, N. Entomological and
Parasitological Studies on Cutancous Leishmaniasis in a Desert District,
Bikaner, India. Journal of Parasitic Diseases,
1998, 22: 48-52. |
|
| C-7 |
Singh, Karam V. Studies on the role of climatological factors
in the distribution of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in
semi – arid areas of Rajasthan, India. Journal of Arid Environments,
1999, 42: 43-48. |
|
|
Abstracts |
|
| C-1 |
Mahapatra, N, Joshi, V and
Bansal, S.K. Host preference pattern of phlebotomine sandflies of Bikaner
City. Indian J. Med. Res., 1991, 93: 328-29. |
|
|
Host preference pattern of phlebotomine sandflies was ascertained
using the precipitin test. Engorged sandflies from endemic localities revealed
that out of 126 blood meals 88.8 percent were human blood, 7.3 percent bovine
blood and 3.9 percent mixed for both human and bovine. Four of five Sergentomyia
babu were positive for human blood and the remaining one for bovine.
Two S. baghdadis collected had only human blood, of two S. punjabensis collected, one
had human blood. Mixed human and bovine blood meal was detected in the other
one. Phebotomus papatasi appears to be the most common vector of leishmaniasis and
another important observation was the repeated feeding by sandflies within
a short period and anthropophilic nature of Sergentomyia species. |
|
| C-2 |
Joshi, V, Bansal, SK and
Singh, Karam V. Sandfly fauna of domestic and para-domestic habitats in
arid and semi-arid zones of Rajasthan. Indian J.
Med. Res., 1992, 95: 93-94. |
|
|
Sandfly fauna of three districts of Rajasthan representing
arid and semi-arid environments are described. A total of 2,042 sandflies
belonging to two genera and seven species were collected. The arid district
of Bikaner with irrigational development (by means of canal) showed considerably
higher density of species. Phlebotomus papatasi
(16.5 PMH) as compared to Jodhpur district (1.0 PMH). The species encountered
were P. papatasi, P. sergenti, Sergentomyia
punjabensis, S. babu babu, S. clydei. S. baghdadis and S. chistophersi. |
|
| C-3 |
Bansal, SK and Singh, Karam V. Susceptibility status of Phlebotomus papatasi and Sergentomyia punjabensis
(Diptera: Psychodidae) in district Bikaner (Rajasthan). J.
Commun. Dis., 1996, 28: 28-32. |
|
|
Susceptibility tests were carried out on the females of two
species of sandflies viz. Phlebotomus papatasi and Sergentomyia Punjabensis against
six insecticides viz. DDT and dieldrin (organochlorines); malathion, fenitrothion
(organophosphates); propoxur (carbamate) and permethrin (synthetic pyrethroid)
in district Bikaner, Rajasthan. A concentration and time dependent effect
was observed with insecticides for both the species. P. papatasi was found resistant
to DDT, dieldrin and propoxur while susceptible to malathion, fenitrothion
and permethrin. However, S. punjabensis
was found susceptible to all the insecticides tested. LC50 and LT50 value estimated for DDT and dieldrin for P.papatasi and S. punjabensis were found to
be 2.2 and 0.3% x 1hr and 1.45 and 0.032% x 15 min. respectively. |
|
| C-4 |
Bansal, SK, Chaudhary, RC,
Singh, Karam V and Lakshminarayana, J. Seasonal prevalence and insecticide
susceptibility status of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae)
in the north-western Thar (District Bikaner, Rajasthan). Annals of Arid zone, 1996, 35: 377-82. |
|
|
A study was carried out on the seasonal prevalence and insecticide
susceptibility status of phlebotomine sandflies in different villages of
district Bikaner during 1994-1995. Five species of sandflies viz.
Phlebotomus papatasi (71.1%), Sergentomyia Punjabensis
(19.0%), S. babu babu (7.3%), S. clydei (1.8%), and S. Baghdadis (0.8%) were collected
from indoor habitats like human dwellings, cattle sheds and rodent burrows.
Maximum densities of all the sandflies was observed during the monsoon and
post- monsoon season (July –October) followed by spring (March and April),
summer (May and June) and winter season (November to February). P. papatasi revealed that it
is susceptible to fenitrothion and permethrin, resistant to DDT, dieldrin
and propoxur while verification was required with malathion. LC50 values for DDT
and dieldrin were 4.3 and 0.43% respectively, while LT50 values for fenitrothion,
propoxur and permethrin were 42.6, 50.0 and 15.7 minutes, respectively. |
|
| C-5 |
Singh, Karam V and Bansal,
SK. Insecticide susceptibility of Phlebotomus papatasi
to organochlorine, organophosphate and carbamate compounds in some arid
areas of western Rajasthan. Indian J. Med. Res., 1996,
103: 91-93. |
|
|
Insecticide susceptibility status of P.
papatasi to organochlorine, organophosphate
and carbamete compounds has been estimated in 2 desert districts (Pali &
Barmer) of Rajasthan. Tests revealed that the species was resistant to DDT,
but susceptible to dieldrin, malathion, fenitrothion and propoxur. The LC50 values for both
DDT and dieldrin were found much lower than those reported from other parts
of the country. Heterogeneity of the response was found highly significant
in case of propoxur. |
|
| C-6 |
Joshi, V, Bansal, SK and
Mahapatra, N. Entomological and Parasitological Studies on Cutancous Leishmaniasis
in a Desert District, Bikaner, India. Journal of
Parasitic Diseases, 1998, 22: 48-52. |
|
|
Dracunculiasis (infection by the guinea worm, Dracunculus
medinensis) has been a major rural waterborne problem in many areas of
arid western Rajasthan. The presence of temporary ponds in endemic areas
offers a peculiar habitat to cyclops, the vector of the disease. Cyclops
can withstand drying of the ponds and regain viability when ponds refill
during rains. Cyclops shows a diurnal cycle of migratory movements under
natural as well as experimental conditions. The species of cyclops acting
as intermediate host in endemic areas is Cyclops
atter. This carnivorous species is highly
predatory on the infective first stage larvae of D. medinensis in experimental
infection trials. Survival of infective guinea worm embryos in free-living
form till ingested by vector is favoured by an alkaline pH of the water.
Measurements of water volume in ponds, removal of soil from dry ponds to
discard cyclops eggs and recording the visit history of guinea worm patients
are suggested as useful additions to an eradication programme against dracunculiasis.
Literature concerning epidemiological, vector-biological and parasitological
aspects of dracunculiasis as relevant to the desert districts of Rajasthan
is reviewed. |
|
| C-7 |
Singh, Karam V. Studies on
the role of climatological factors in the distribution of phlebotomine sand
flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in semi – arid areas of Rajasthan, India. J.
Arid Environments, 1999, 42: 43-48. |
|
|
Eight phlebotomine sandfly species were encountered from
rural areas of semi-arid region, four of which were found to be adapted
to a wide range of temperatures and relative humidity (Phlebotomus
papatasi, Sergentomyia punjabensis, S. babu & S. baghdadis). In contrast, P. sergenti, S. christophersi, S. clydie and S. eadithae were confined to a limited range of temperature and RH. Phlebotomine
prevalence, recorded during the studies, showed a definite correlation with
temperature (p<0.05) and a moderately negative correlation with RH. The
high prevalence of females in higher temperatures indicates their ability
to withstand these temperatures, and can be considered a matter of epidemiological
importance as it may help in the transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis
in arid conditions. |
|
|
D. Tuberculosis |
|
| D-1 |
Mathur, ML and Chaudhary, RC. Desert Lung Syndrome in rural
dwellers of Thar Desert in India. J. Arid
Environments, 1997, 35: 559-62. |
|
| D-2 |
Mathur, ML, LoBue, PA and Catanzaro, A. Evaluation of a serologic
test for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Int. J. Tuberc.
Lung Dis., 1999, 3: 732-35. |
|
| D-3 |
Mathur, ML. Silicosis and Tuberculosis in Quarry Workers
of Jodhpur (Rajasthan). Indian J. Chest Dis. Allied Sci., 2000, 42: 40. |
|
| D-4 |
Mathur, ML, Khatri, PK and Bais, CS. Drug resistance in Tuberculosis
in Jodhpur District. Ind. J. Med. Sciences, 2000,
54: 55-58. |
|
| D-5 |
Mathur, ML and Sachdev, R. Potential Utility of BCG Test
in excluding Tuberculosis in adults. Resp. Med.,
2003, 97: 528-532. |
|
| D-6 |
Mathur, ML and Sachdev, R. Temperature affects results of
Glutaraldehyde Test for diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Int.
J. tubercul. and Lung Dis., 2005, 9: 200-205. |
|
| D-7 |
Mathur ML. Potential utility of Mycobacterium w vaccine in
control of tuberculosis. Current Respiratory Medicine
Reviews, 2006, 2: 183-88. |
|
|
Abstracts |
|
| D-1 |
Mathur, ML and Chaudhary,
RC. Desert Lung Syndrome in rural dwellers of Thar Desert in India. J. Arid
Environments, 1997, 35: 559-562. |
|
|
'Desert Lung Syndrome' has occasionally been reported from
desert areas in various countries. It denotes non-occupational silicosis
in rural desert dwellers. Subjects attending the District TB Clinic, Jodhpur
in the Thar Desert of India, were screened for it. X-rays of their chest
were taken at 300 mA, and read using the International Classification of
Radiographs of Pneumoconiosis. Radiographs of five subjects showed opacities
suggestive of pneumoconiosis. However, none of them was ever engaged in
any occupation which can predispose pneumoconiosis. |
|
| D-2 |
Mathur, ML, LoBue, PA and
Catanzaro, A. Evaluation of a serologic test for the diagnosis of tuberculosis.
Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis., 1999, 3: 732-35. |
|
|
The ict tb test, a new, simple, serologic diagnostic test
for tuberculosis (tb), was performed on serum samples from individuals seen
at an urban teaching hospital and a local health department clinic. The
study population included cases of tb, disease with mycobacteria other than
tuberculosis (mott), non-mycobacterial pulmonary disease, and healthy controls.
In contrast to prior studies, we found the ict tb test had little value
in detection of new cases of tb (overall sensitivity was 20%). It had very
low sensitivity (4%) in the first month of disease. the sensitivity improved
in patients tested at least 3 months after clinical presentation, but still
remained fairly low. the test was also positive in 30% cases of disease
caused by mott demonstrating cross-reactivity. It was negative in all human
immunodeficiency virus (hiv) positive cases of tb or mott. the overall specificity
was 89%. At least part of the discrepancy between our results and those
of previous investigators may be attributable to differences in the respective
study populations, including incidence of hiv disease and duration of tuberculosis
illness prior to testing. |
|
| D-3 |
Mathur, ML. Silicosis and
Tuberculosis in Quarry Workers of Jodhpur (Rajasthan). Indian J. Chest Dis. Allied Sci., 2000, 42: 40. |
|
|
There are more than 50,000 workers engaged in more than 15000
sand stone quarry works in Jodhpur district. A cross sectional study of
randomly selected sample of 416 workers was done keeping in view their risk
of developing occupational pneumoconiosis. Their chest radiographs (PA view)
were carried out at 300 mA. Pneumociniosis was detected in one tenth of
radiographs and its prevalence increased with age and duration of work in
quarries. Prevalence of radiological opacities suggestive of pulmonary tuberculosis
was very high, more so in pneumoconiotics. Prevalence of tuberculosis was
significantly more in smokers; it increased with duration of exposure and
age. History of hemoptysis in last five years was given bu 24.8% quarry
workers. Forty-two ex-workers were also studied. Majority (88.1%) of them
were symptomatic. One third of them were silicotics and 42.9% showed opacities
suggestive of pulmonary tuberculosis on chest radiography. Prevalence of
tuberculosis in ex-workers was 26.2 percent. Concentration of respirable
particles in breathing zone of quarry workers and free silica contents of
dust were very high as compared to threshold limit value suggested by American
Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH 1986). |
|
| D-4 |
Mathur, ML, Khatri, PK and
Bais, CS. Drug resistance in Tuberculosis in Jodhpur District. Ind. J. Med. Sci., 2000, 54:
55-58. |
|
|
Drug resistant tuberculosis is a serious problem in control
of tuberculosis. To assess this problem in Jodhpur district, Sputum samples
of symptomatic quarry workers and cases of pulmonary tuberculosis attending
District Tuberculosis Clinic (DTC) Jodhpur were tested for culture of Mycobacterium
tuberculosis complex (MTB) and their sensitivity to antituberculous drugs,
using proportion method. Primary drug resistance to isoniazid was observed
in 16.67%, to streptomycin in 16.67%, to ethambutol in 6.67% and to rifampicin
in 6.67%. Acquired resistance to isoniazid was 61.76%, to streptomycin was
51.52%, to rifampicin was also 70.59%, and to ethambutol was 39.39%. Proportion
of Multi-drug resistant (MDR) TB defined as resistant to at least isoniazid
and and rifampicin, was 3.3% in new cases (primary drug resistance) and
38.2% in old cases (acquired drug resistance), the later may be due to inadequate
treatment, the the history of which was present in most cases. Adequate
treatment of such cases with effective regimens is of vital importance to
prevent the spread of MDR TB. |
|
| D-5 |
Mathur, ML and Sachdev, R.
Potential Utility of BCG Test in excluding Tuberculosis in adults. Resp. Med., 2003, 97: 528-32. |
|
|
In developing countries, many sputum-negative suspects of
pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) are given antituberculous medication just because
tuberculosis (TB) could not be excluded in them. Many studies have shown
that BCG test is nearly 100% sensitive, except in those with severe malnutrition,
steroid therapy and other causes of immunosuppression. The aim of the present
study was to find out the proportion of PTB suspects in whom BCG test may
be useful in excluding diagnosis of TB. The study was carried out on adult
subjects attending District Tuberculosis Clinic (DTC), Pali, Rajasthan,
India. Out of 104 subjects studied, all 18 sputum-positive subjects showed
a positive BCG test indicating 100% sensitivity of the test. The result
of BCG test was negative in 16.28% of 86 sputum-negative suspects of TB.
The BCG test did not show any adverse reactions among these cases except
for adenitis of axillary or cervical lymph nodes in 6.7% subjects. The study
raises the possibility that BCG test may be useful in excluding diagnosis
of tuberculosis in a proportion of adult sputum negative-suspects of PTB
in developing countries like India. More studies are needed in this direction. |
|
| D-6 |
Mathur, ML and Sachdev, R.
Temperature affects results of Glutaraldehyde Test for diagnosis of Pulmonary
Tuberculosis. Int. J. Tubercul. Lung Dis., 2005, 9: 200-05. |
|
|
SETTING: Subjects attending the District Tuberculosis Clinic
and a Teaching Hospital in Jodhpur were studied at the Desert Medicine Research
Centre, Jodhpur. OBJECTIVES: To confirm the effect of temperature on the
results of the blood glutaraldehyde test (GT) and to examine the sensitivity
and specificity of the restandardised test procedure. DESIGN: Blood glutaraldehyde
gelification time (BGGT) was compared, in the same blood samples, at 19,
22 and 25 degrees C and after storage at 1) room temperature and at 2) 2-8
degrees C for 3-5 h, using the paired t-test. After restandardisation of
the procedure, the GT was carried out on 88 sputum culture-positive cases
with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and 182 controls. The technician was blinded
to patient information. RESULTS: BGGT significantly varied with the temperature
of the water bath and the temperature at which blood samples were stored
before testing. When the test was carried out in the water bath at 22 degrees
C after storing blood for 3-5 h at 2-8 degrees C, as per the restandardised
procedure, the specificity of GT was 96.2% (95 %CI 93.36-98.95) and the
sensitivity was 84.1% (95%CI 76.45-91.73). CONCLUSION: Restandardised GT
is a reliable, simple, easy, rapid, inexpensive and user-friendly test for
diagnosis of PTB which does not require sophisticated laboratory equipment. |
|
| D-7 |
Mathur ML. Potential utility
of Mycobacterium w vaccine in control of tuberculosis. Current
Respiratory Medicine Reviews, 2006, 2: 183-88.
|
|
|
Mycobacterium w is a non-pathogenic, saprophytic, atypical
mycobacterium with the ability to produce macrophage activating factors
from lymphocytes of human patients. Prior immunization with heat-killed
suspension of Mycobacterium w shows protection against sub-lethal infection
with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv in mice. Heatkilled Mycobacterium
w vaccine is manufactured by M/s Cadila Pharmaceuticals, Ahmedabad, India.
Combined heatkilled M. w vaccine and multidrug treatment (MDT) revealed
clinical, histological and bacteriological improvements in highly bacillated
untreated anergic lepromatous cases of leprosy. In healthy contacts of leprosy
patients, M w vaccine has shown lepromin conversion and protection against
leprosy. Only a few clinical studies have been carried out using antituberculous
treatment with and without M w vaccine in pulmonary tuberculosis, in which
faster sputum conversion and higher cure rate have been observed in M w
group. M. w vaccine has shown potential of Tuberculin conversion in HIV
positive subjects. In a study, five monthly doses of M. w vaccine have shown
highly significant increase in CD4 count in HIV positive human beings. More
clinical trials are needed to confirm beneficial role of M. w vaccine as
an immunomodulator in therapy and prevention of tuberculosis, particularly
so in multi drug resistant tuberculosis and those with HIV infection. |
|
|
E. Urolithiasis |
|
| E-1 |
Mathur, ML and Bansal, RK. An Epidemiological study of Urolithiasis
in Western Rajasthan. Rajasthan Medical Journal, 1992, 31: 218-24. |
|
| E-2 |
Haldiya, KR, Bhandari, NS, Singh, Madhu B, Beniwal, VK and
Lakshminarayana, J. Chemical composition of Urinary calculi in desert region
of Rajasthan, India. J. Hum. Ecol., 1999, 10: 69-72. |
|
|
Abstracts |
|
| E-1 |
Mathur, ML and Bansal, RK.
An Epidemiological study of Urolithiasis in Western Rajasthan. Rajasthan Medical Journal, 1992, 31: 218-24. |
|
|
Record of 24 years of a teaching hospital in desert of northwest
India was analysed. Urolithiasis constituted 1.21% of all hospital admissions
and 3.74% of surgical admissions, which is very high index as compared to
rest of India. Lower urinary calculi showed declining secular trend. Problem
of upper urinary calculi declined up to 1968 but showed increase with interruptions
thereafter. Urinary stones particularly lower urinary calculi were more
common in rural areas. Overall annual incidence of urinary calculi was 34.90
(upper=20.71, lower=14.19) per lakh in males and 7.67 (Upper=6.46, lower=
1.21) per lakh in females in Jodhpur town. Peek of upper urinary calculi
was in the age of (20- 44) years in females and 20-59 years age in males.
Incidence of lower urinary calculi was highest in under-fives. More cases
of urolithiasis, ingunal henia as well as appendicitis were operated in
summer months, hence seasonal trend in their occurrence seems to be false. |
|
| E-2 |
Haldiya, KR, Bhandari, NS,
Singh, Madhu B, Beniwal, VK and Lakshminarayana, J. Chemical composition
of Urinary calculi in desert region of Rajasthan, India. J. Hum. Ecol., 1999, 10: 69-72. |
|
|
A
hospital based study was carried out to determine the major chemical components
of urinary calculi in desert region of Rajasthan for this, a total of 188
urinary calculi were analysed by qualitative chemical method, of which 105
were Upper Urinary Tract (UUT) calculi and 83 Lower Urinary Tract (LUT)
calculi. The calcium oxalate calculi (23.8 %) and calcium oxalate phosphate
(25.7 %) calculi were higher in UUT calculi. while mixed calculi were higher
in LUT calculi. The oxalate component was higher in UUT calculi while ammonium,
magnesium carbonate and uric acid components were higher in LUT calculi.
The other components like calcium and phosphates were same in both types
of calculi. |
|
|
F. Hypertension |
|
| F-1 |
Haldiya, KR, Mathur, ML, Sachdev, R, Beniwal, VK, Singh,
Madhu B, Yadav, SP and Lakshminarayana, J. Morbidity pattern of Desert Population
engaged in salt manufacture in Rajasthan. J. Ind.
Med. Assoc., 1995, 93: 95-97. |
|
| F-2 |
Haldiya, KR, Dixit, AK and Sachdev, R. Letter
to Editor on an article. Is the rule of halves in Hypertension still valid?
Evidence from the Chennai Urban Population study. J.
Assoc. Physicians India, 2003, 51: 931. |
|
| F-3 |
Haldiya, KR, Mathur, ML, Sachdev, R and Saiyed, HN. Risk
of high blood pressure in Salt Workers working near salt milling plants:
A Cross sectional and interventional study. Environ.
Health, 2005, 4: 13. |
|
| F-4 |
Haldiya, KR, Mathur, ML, Sachdev, R and Saiyed, HN. Dermal
ulcers and hypertension in salt workers. Current Science, 2004, 87: 1139-41.
|
|
|
Abstracts |
|
| F-1 |
Haldiya, KR, Mathur, ML,
Sachdev, R, Beniwal, VK, Singh, Madhu B, Yadav, SP and Lakshminarayana,
J. Morbidity pattern of Desert Population engaged in salt manufacture in
Rajasthan. J. Indian Med. Assoc., 1995, 93: 95-97. |
|
|
A total of 2120 salt workers were examined in 8 camps organized
at different salt sites in Rajasthan. These camps were organized to find
out the morbidity conditions among the salt workers and to provide
the preventive and curative treatment for the ailments.
The majority of the salt workers who attended the camps
were males (79 %) in comparison to females (21.0 %). The majority
of workers belonged to Scheduled Castes followed by Backward Class and Scheduled
Tribes at all sites. The major morbidity disorders observed during these
camps were dermatological, respiratory, musculoskeletal, gastro-intestinal
and ophthalmological in both the sexes. The prevalence of hypertension was
4.3% among both the sexes. The morbidity
pattern in male workers was agreeing among Sujangarh and Kuchaman and after
that Pokran and Didwana were agreeing with highest rank correlation, whereas
in female workers it was agreeing with among Nawa and Sujangarh and after
that Phalodi and Pokran were agreeing with highest correlation. |
|
| F-2 |
Haldiya, KR, Dixit, AK and
Sachdev, R. Letter to Editor on an article. Is the
rule of halves in Hypertension still valid? Evidence from the Chennai Urban
Population study. J. Assoc. Physicians India, 2003, 51: 931. |
|
|
Rule of Halves’ in Hypertension is not valid in urban and
rural area of India as it will then underestimate the prevalence of hypertension
in the country. |
|
| F-3 |
Haldiya, KR, Mathur, ML,
Sachdev, R and Saiyed, HN. Risk of high blood pressure in Salt Workers working
near salt milling plants: A Cross sectional and interventional study. Environ.
Health, 2005, 4: 13. |
|
|
BACKGROUND: Workers working close to salt
milling plants may inhale salt particles floating in the air, leading to
a rise in plasma sodium, which, in turn, may increase the blood pressure
and the risk of hypertension. METHODS: To test the above hypothesis, occupational
health check-up camps were organized near salt manufacturing units and all
workers were invited for a free health examination. The workers who worked
with dry salt in the vicinity of salt milling plants were defined as "non-brine
workers," while those working in brine pans located far away from milling
plants were defined as "brine workers." Blood pressure (BP) was
measured during each clinical examination. In all, 474 non-brine workers
and 284 brine workers were studied. RESULTS: Mean systolic blood pressure
of non-brine workers (122.1 +/- 13.3 mm Hg) was significantly higher than
that of brine workers (118.8 +/- 12.8 mm Hg, p < 0.01). Mean diastolic
blood pressure of non-brine workers (71.5 +/- 10.4 mm Hg) was significantly
higher than that of brine workers (69.7 +/- 9.4 mm Hg, p = 0.02). The prevalence
of hypertension was significantly higher in non-brine workers (12.2%) than
in brine workers (7.0%, p = 0.02). Nineteen salt workers were monitored
while they used face masks and spectacles, for six days. Systolic, as well
as diastolic, blood pressure of these workers began declining on the third
day and continued to decline on the fourth day, but remained stationary
up to the sixth day. The concentration of salt particles in the breathing
zone of these workers was 376 mg/m3 air. CONCLUSION: Inhalation of salt
particles in non-brine workers may be an occupational cause of increased
blood pressure. |
|
| F-4 |
Haldiya, KR, Mathur, ML,
Sachdev, R and Saiyed HN. Dermal ulcers and hypertension in salt workers.
Current Science, 2004, 87:
1139-41. |
|
|
In
the process of salt manufacture, brine rich in salt is filled in broad pans
exposed to direct sunlight. Brine workers keep their feet in the brine while
working in these pans. They frequently have traumatic ulcers on their feet
and hands. The aim of the present communication was to find out if prevalence
of hypertension and blood pressure in brine workers was affected by the
presence of ulcers on their limbs. In our cross-sectional observational
study, all workers (n=218) were clinically examined. Blood pressure was
measured. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure off brine workers having
ulcer5s on their limbs was compared with those not having the ulcers. In
brine workers having ulcers prevalence of hyper tension was 15.6%, while
it was 4.3% in those not having ulcer. Prevalence of hypertension was significantly
higher in the group of brine workers with ulcers (P=0.036) and this may
be due to absorption of salt through the damaged skin. |
|
|
G.Nutrition |
|
| G-1 |
Krishnamachari, KAVR, Lakshminarayana, J, Rajalaxmi, K, Ganguly,
KK, Yadav, SP, Dixit, AK, Mahapatra, A, Dam, PK, Chand, Ramesh and Pandey,
RM. Calorie and protein consumption pattern among rural residents of typical
desert districts during drought – A two point study. Annals of Arid Zone, 1992, 31: 25-32. |
|
| G-2 |
Haldiya, KR, Singh, Madhu B and Lakshminarayana, J. Assessment
of nutritional and immunization status of preschool children in rural area
of Jaipur, Rajasthan. Rajasthan Medical Journal, 1993, 32: 37-44. |
|
| G-3 |
Ramnath, T, Ganguly, KK, Mahapatra, A, Yadav, SP, and Pandey,
RM. Dietary intakes, Knowledge of people about the disease and nutritional
disorders in two desert districts of Rajasthan. Annals
of Arid Zone, 1993, 33: 59-62. |
|
| G-4 |
Ramnath, T and Krishnamachari, KAVR. Anthropometric
measurements, deficiency signs and their relationship under drought conditions.
Indian. J. Matern. Child Health, 1993, 4: 42-47. |
|
| G-5 |
Singh, Madhu B. Dietary beliefs and practices of pregnant
and lactating women in rural areas of Jaipur
district (Raj.). Rajasthan Medical Journal, 1993,
32: 198-03. |
|
| G-6 |
Singh, Madhu B. Maternal beliefs and practices regarding
the diet and use of herbal medicines during measles and diarrhoea in rural
areas. Indian Pediatr., 1994, 31: 340-43. |
|
| G-7 |
Singh, Madhu B, Haldiya, KR, Yadav, SP, Lakshminarayana,
J, Mathur, ML, Sachdeva, R and Beniwal, VK. Nutritional status of
school age children of salt-workers in Rajasthan. Indian
J. Med. Res., 1996, 103; 304-09. |
|
| G-8 |
Singh, Madhu B, Haldiya, KR and Lakshminarayana, J. Infant
feeding and weaning practices in some rural areas of Rajasthan. JIMA, 1997, 95: 576-78. |
|
| G-9 |
Singh, Madhu B, Haldiya, KR and Lakshminarayana,
J. Food habits in semi-arid areas of Rajasthan. J. Hum. Ecol., Special Issue No.
7, 1999, 115-17. |
|
| G-10 |
Singh, Madhu B, Haldiya, KR and Lakshminarayana, J. Nutritional
status of pre-school children in desert areas of Rajasthan. Proc. Intl. Conf. Women in Science, Mumbai, 1999, 237-41. |
|
| G-11 |
Singh, Madhu B, Haldiya, KR and Lakshminarayana, J. Morbidity
Pattern and its association with malnutrition in preschool children in desert
areas of Rajasthan, India. Journal of Arid Environments,
2002, 51: 461-68. |
|
| G-12 |
Singh, Madhu B and Lakshminarayana J. Study on prevalent Maternal Beliefs regarding
diet during common childhood illnesses in Thar desert, Rajasthan, Annals of Arid Zone, 2002, 41:
85-88. |
|
| G-13 |
Fotedar, R, Lakshminarayana, J, Ramnath, T
and Singh, Madhu, B. Nutritional
status, breast feeding and supplementation pattern among
the working women of Jodhpur
city. Annals of Arid Zone, 2002, 41: 183-189. |
|
| G-14 |
Singh, Madhu B. Anthropometric assessment of the nutrition in female children of Thar Desert
of Rajasthan. Annals of Arid Zone, 2004, 43: 199-03. |
|
| G-15 |
Singh, Madhu B. Nutritional aspects of children residing
in desert areas of Rajasthan. Proc. of Workshop on
Research Methodologies for Micronutrients Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, 2004, 21-25. |
|
| G-16 |
Singh, Madhu B, Fotedar, R and Lakshminarayana, J. Occupational
morbidities and their association with nutrition and environmental
factors among textile workers of desert areas of Rajasthan, India. J.
Occup. Health, 2005, 47: 371-77. |
|
| G-17 |
Singh, Madhu B, Fotedar, R, Lakshminarayana, J and Anand,
PK. Studies on the nutritional status of children aged 0–5 years in a drought-affected
desert area of western Rajasthan, India. Pub. Health
Nutrition, 2006. 9: 961-67. |
|
| G-18 |
Singh, Madhu B, Lakshminarayana, J, Fotedar, R and
Anand, PK. Childhood
illnesses and malnutrition in under five children
in drought affected
desert area of western Rajasthan, India. J.
Commun. Dis., 2006, 38: 88-96.
|
|
|
Abstracts |
|
| G-1 |
Krishnamachari, KAVR, Lakshminarayana,
J, Rajalaxmi, K, Ganguly, KK, Yadav, SP, Dixit, AK, Mahapatra, A, Dam, PK,
Chand, Ramesh and Pandey, RM. Calorie and protein consumption pattern among
rural residents of typical desert districts during drought – A two point
study. Annals of Arid Zone, 1992,
31: 25-32. |
|
|
A
two point survey of cereal consumption has been carried out in six districts
during drought in 1988. Two thousand persons representing each district
and drawn from 10 villages were examined with regard to their millet consumption
pattern. The mean calorie intakes were ranged from 301-982 Kcal per day
in preschool children. Similarly among 5-15 years age group in both the
sexes the deficits were observed to be ranging from 31.9% to 68.5%. The
deficits ranging from 11.9% to 57.0% among 15-45 years age group, however
in all the districts except in Jodhpur and Jalore the intakes were lower
as compared to ICMR recommended dietary allowances. Protein deficit were
seen in all the age groups in all the districts but were relatively less
as compared to corresponding calorie intake. The mean body weights and actual
calorie consumption in Barmer district were observed to be more compared
to other districts which is around 46 Kgs and 2400 Kcals respectively |
|
| G-2 |
Haldiya, KR, Singh, Madhu
B and Lakshminarayana, J. Assessment of nutritional and immunization status
of preschool children in rural area of Jaipur, Rajasthan. Rajasthan Medical Journal,
1993, 32: 37-44. |
|
|
The
present study was carried out in 391 households belonging to 38 villages
of 9 tehsils of Jaipur district, Rajasthan. A total of 326 preschool children
were examined for anthropometry (weight and height), immunization and feeding
practices. Results revealed that 60.5 % preschool children were suffering
from long duration deficiency in food intake which is due to poor socio-economic
status and large family size. Immunization status was found to be very poor
which was due to unawareness of mothers about the immunization program,
lack of immunization facilities and thirdly misconceptions of mother due
to fear of vaccine reactions. The percentage of infants totally breast fed
was found to be higher in 0 - 6 months age groups thereby indicating a need
for intensive health education at community level. |
|
| G-3 |
Ramnath, T, Ganguly, KK,
Mahapatra, A, Yadav, SP, and Pandey, RM. Dietary intakes, Knowledge of people
about the disease and nutritional disorders in two desert districts of Rajasthan.
Annals of Arid Zone, 1993, 33: 59-62. |
|
|
A comprehensive health survey was initiated
in 1986, in two desert districts of Rajasthan covering 512 households from
19 villages and 438 households from 15 villages from Jodhpur and Bikaner
districts respectively, The results show that more than 30% of the families
have to travel more than 10 Km to avail any health facilities, More than
50% of the respondents had the knowledge of fever, diarrhea, worm infestation,
measles, malaria and guinea worm. However, their knowledge about nutritional
disorders was poor in both the districts. The diets were predominantly based
on bajara and wheat. The consumption of pulses, vegetables fats and oil,
sugar and other foods were far from satisfactory and were below 30 g. The
nutrients intakes (except protein) were inadequate in all the age groups
but the deficits of nutrients were observed to be more pronounced among
children below 12 years. |
|
| G-4 |
Ramnath, T and Krishnamachari, KAVR. Anthropometric
measurements, deficiency signs and their relationship under drought conditions.
Indian. J. Matern. Child Health, 1993, 4: 42-47. |
|
|
In October-November 1987 in India, the Desert
Medicine Research Centre in Jodhpur conducted a rapid anthropometric survey
of 555 preschool children in 4 districts of Rajasthan which had been severely
affected by drought (Jodhpur, Jalore, Nagpur, and Barmer districts) to determine
the association between anthropometric measurements and various nutritional
deficiency signs and infections. Based on weight for age, 82.3% of the children
were undernourished. 13.3% of all children were severely malnourished (grade
III undernutrition). Anemia, protein energy malnutrition (PEM), and upper
respiratory infections occurred significantly more often as one digressed
from the normal nutrition grade. These 3 conditions were also closely linked
to weight status. Based on height for age, 62.4% of the children were chronically
undernourished. 11.9% of all children were severely so. PEM was the only
deficiency sign or infection associated with height status (6.2% of children
with normal nutrition had PEM vs. 15.0% for grade I undernutrition and 34.8%
for grade II undernutrition; p .001). Vitamin A deficiency, anemia, and
PEM occurred more frequently as one went from normal nutrition to grade
II undernutrition based on fat fold at triceps (FFT) measurements. PEM and
upper respiratory infections were significantly associated with weight for
height status. Weight correctly identified 84% of all nutritional deficiency
signs and infections. The corresponding figures for height, FFT, and weight
for height were 64.2%, 75.4%, and 31%. Thus, weight was the most sensitive
screening measurement in identifying nutritional deficiency signs and infections.
Based on weight alone, the odds ratio of undernourished children developing
Vitamin b-complex deficiency, PEM, and upper respiratory infections was
1.58, 3.25, and 1.77, respectively. Weight for height was the most specific
screening measurement (88.2% vs. 44.7% for height, 29.3% for FFT, and 26.1%
for weight). |
|
| G-5 |
Singh, Madhu B. Dietary beliefs
and practices of pregnant and lactating women in rural areas of Jaipur district
(Raj.). Rajasthan Medical Journal, 1993,
32: 198-03. |
|
|
The information regarding food and herbal medicines was collected
from 208 household of 21 villages of Jaipur district (Rajasthan). Analysis
revealed that during early lactation, more stress was given on taking of
special foods such as milk, Pag / Laddu’s made up of Gond, Ajwain, Supari,
Sonth, etc. as they consider these food to be hot and believe to induce
warmth and avoid cold during lactation. Dietary beliefs during pregnancy and lactation
are mostly centered on hot and cold foods or gas producing foods. A well
established physiological basis for this concept is still lacking demanding
a more work in this direction. |
|
| G-6 |
Singh, Madhu B. Maternal
beliefs and practices regarding the diet and use of herbal medicines during
measles and diarrhoea in rural areas. Indian Pediatr.,
1994, 31: 340-43. |
|
|
The
study was conducted in 21 villages of Jaipur district (Rajasthan) and collected
information regarding food and herbal medicines from 208 household. This
study showed that mothers in rural areas are very particular about their
cultural beliefs and practices. It can be concluded that while planning
a Nutritional and health education program, beliefs regarding culturally
accepted and restricted foods in particular area should be given due consideration.
|
|
| G-7 |
Singh, Madhu B, Haldiya,
KR, Yadav, SP, Lakshminarayana, J, Mathur, ML, Sachdev, R and Beniwal, VK.
Nutritional status of school age children of salt-workers in Rajasthan.
Indian J. Med. Res., 1996, 103: 304-09. |
|
|
Nutritional
status of 1044 school age children (6-18 yr) of salt manufacturing sites
of Rajasthan was assessed using anthropometry. Heights and weights of girls
were observed to be better than boys in the menarcheal age groups. Children
of the present study showed reduced growth in comparision to National Centre
for Health Statistics (NCHS), WHO, well-to-do Indian children and Rajasthan
referance values of the same age groups. The prevalence of stunted with
severe wasting was 4.5 % in the children of salt workers. Higher prevalence
of severe wasting was observed in girls than boys (p<0.01). |
|
| G-8 |
Singh, Madhu B, Haldiya,
KR and Lakshminarayana, J. Infant feeding and weaning practices in some
rural areas of Rajasthan. JIMA, 1997, 95: 576-78. |
|
|
The paper contains information on infant feeding and weaning
practices in rural communities of a semi-arid district of Rajasthan. The
findings have been drawn from a recent survey of 328 rural mothers. The
rural women from this area are found to believe in old deep seated beliefs
and customs, which in turn deprive their infants from advantages of colostrums
(77 % discarded colostrum) and nutritionally rich supplements, which otherwise
should be supplemented to them at any cost in order to keep them healthy.
The practices of prolonged breast feeding and delayed supplementation to
infants are rampant in this area. Mean age at weaning (27.1 months) again
not only affects the health status of mothers and their children, but also
leads to under nutrition among both. The findings of the study necessitate
evolving an exhaustive educative program dealing with various aspects of
infant feeding and weaning practices, keeping in view their traditions,
so that useful practices can be encouraged and harmful ones can be prohibited. |
|
| G-9 |
Singh, Madhu B, Haldiya,
KR and Lakshminarayana, J. Food habits in semi-arid areas of Rajasthan.
J. Hum. Ecol., Special Issue No.
7, 1999, 115-17. |
|
|
A diet survey was conducted in rural population
of Jaipur district representing a semi-arid zone of Rajasthan, to
investigate the various food ingredients consumed by local inhabitants.
Agriculture was the principal source of income, followed by animal keeping
and labour. Wheat and Bajara are staple diet of this region, but former
constitute the major proportion of the diet. In general average daily consumption
of different food items i.e. cereals & millets, pulses, fats, and oils
and milk was found more in males than females, in different age groups.
In general, vitamin A deficiency was more pronounced in all age groups. |
|
| G-10 |
Singh, Madhu B, Haldiya,
KR and Lakshminarayana, J. Nutritional status of pre-school children in
desert areas of Rajasthan. Proc. Intl. Conf. Women in Science, Mumbai, 1999, 237-41. |
|
|
The study has been carried out in 17 villages of desert
districts of Rajasthan. A total of 538 houses hold was covered out of which
834 under five children were examined. Results of the preschool children of desert areas of Rajasthan
suffered from PCM, Vitamin A and C complex deficiencies and anthropometrically
also showed growth retardation. This may be due to high percentage of illiteracy
and low income of their parents. Malnutrition in children can be prevented
by improving in education levels of the parents as well as their economic
status. |
|
| G-11 |
Singh, Madhu B, Haldiya,
KR and Lakshminarayana, J. Morbidity
Pattern and its association with malnutrition in preschool children in desert
areas of Rajasthan, India. Journal of Arid Environments,
2002, 51: 461-68. |
|
|
The study has been carried out in 17 villages of desert
districts of Rajasthan. A total of 538 house-holds were covered out of which
834 pre school children were examined. 16.4 percent were found to be sick
at the time of survey. 10.7% suffered from skin morbidities, 8.9 percent
from eye morbidities and 7.2 percent from fever. Eye morbidities, fever
and other problems were observed to be higher in females than males. The
prevalence of associated signs of Protein Calorie Malnutrition (PCM) was
observed significantly higher in the present study than Indian Council of
Medical Research (ICMR) study. Percent prevalence of Anemia, Vitamin A &
B-complex deficiencies along with skin, eye and respiratory morbidities
were observed to be higher in desert areas as compared to the data of non-desert
areas. This may be attributed to high percentage of illiteracy, low income
of their parents, poor housing conditions and exposure of the studied population
to harsh environmental conditions of desert areas, which mainly leads to
malnutrition and in turn to higher prevalence of morbidity in desert populations.
|
|
| G-12 |
Singh, Madhu B and Lakshminarayana,
J. Study on prevalent Maternal Beliefs regarding
diet during common childhood illnesses in Thar Desert, Rajasthan. Annals
of Arid Zone, 2002, 41: 85-88. |
|
|
A study was conducted in 17 villages of Thar desert, categorized
in 3 ecological sub regions i.e. Marusthali, Shekhawati and Luni basin.
Information on maternal beliefs regarding diet during common childhood illnesses,
demography and other socio-economic aspects was collected through interview
techniques from 434 rural young mothers who represented the entire caste
groups present. The respondents opined
on the basis of their traditional beliefs, items preferred and restricted
during different types of illness. Accordingly food items were divided into
cold, hot, windy, heavy and other characteristics. Cold food like curd with
rice and turmeric were preferred during diarrhoea and dysentery, but hot
food like millet and jaggery were avoided. During measles and typhoid only
hot foods like lebta of millet was preferred to hasten the appearance of
rashes. Information on such local
maternal beliefs regarding diet during common childhood illness in Thar
desert will help in organizing nutrition and health education programs for
this region. |
|
| G-13 |
Fotedar, R, Lakshminarayana,
J, Ramnath, T and
Singh, Madhu, B. Nutritional status, breast feeding and
supplementation pattern among the
working women of Jodhpur city. Annals
of Arid Zone, 2002, 41: 183-89. |
|
|
A survey was conducted on 200 working women from urban area
in Jodhpur, mainly to asses their health and nutritional status. Majority
of the women reported that working outside home was mainly to improve their
living standard. A large family size and low lieracy were found to be associated with low income group (LIG)
when chi-square test was applied. A significantly low percentage of women
were found discarding colostrums in well-to-do group (16.1 %) as compared
to MIG (56.1 %) and LIG (59.3 %). Delayed supplementation beyond 1 year
was observed for LIG (39.8 %) as compared to MIG (12.1 %) and well-to-do
(6.5 %) families. Well to do group of working women (55 %) had better awareness
for introducing supplements to
infants, as compared to other two categories (LIG & MIG) who opted for
traditional foods for supplementation. A significantly higher percentage
(30.5%) of malnutrition (BMI<18.5) was seen in LIG as compared to women
of other two categories. A lower percentage (20.0%) of obesity was seen
in women of LIG as compared to other two groups. Prevalence of hypertension
was quite low in all the groups. The working women contributed to the family
income for improving the living standards, but the nutritional status, infant
feeding practices and supplementary feeding differed significantly between
the three categories. |
|
| G-14 |
Singh, Madhu B. Anthropometric assessment of the nutrition in female children of Thar Desert
of Rajasthan. Annals of Arid Zone, 2004, 43: 199-03. |
|
|
A
study was conducted in 18 villages of Thar Desert, categorized in three
ecological regions i.e. Marusthali, Shekhawati and Luni Basin. Data on six
anthropometric measurements, along with demography and socio-economic aspects
studying 1132 female children which revealed that 94.6% mothers and 48.8%
fathers of female children were found to be illiterate. Main occupation
of 58.4 % parents was found to be agriculture. Means of height and weight
show an increasing trend with age. Means of weight ranges from 14.4 Kg.
(5 years) to 45.2 Kg. (17 years) in girls. Means of height ranges from 102.5
cm. (5 years) to 156 cm. (17 years) in girls. Means of weight and weight
are very low in comparison to National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)
(P< 0.01). These results will help in planning and programming nutritional
intervention programs for this area for the female children. |
|
| G-15 |
Singh, Madhu B. Nutritional
aspects of children residing in desert areas of Rajasthan. Proc. of Workshop on Research Methodologies for Micronutrients
Research, Indian
Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, 2004, 21-25. |
|
|
Nutrition plays a vital role in the health
of community, especially the malnutrition affecting young children. The
study was carried out in 17 villages of desert districts of Rajasthan. A
total of 538 households were covered out of which 834 under five children
were examined. The results of the present study show that fewer than five
rural children desert areas of Rajasthan suffer from PCM, vitamin A and
B-complex deficiencies. Anthropometrically also, the desert children show
growth retardation in comparison to NCHS standards. This may be attributed
to the high percentage of illiteracy and low income of their parents. These
results will be of utmost importance in planning and programming of nutrition
intervention activities for desert areas. |
|
| G-16 |
Singh, Madhu B, Fotedar,
R and Lakshminarayana, J. Occupational
morbidities and their association with nutrition and environmental
factors among textile workers of desert areas of Rajasthan, India. J.
Occup. Health, 2005, 47: 371-77. |
|
|
In Rajasthan 21,000 workers, engaged in hand processors textile
industries (process gray / raw cotton cloth),
get exposed to hazards of the textile industries besides the harsh
conditions of desert leading them to adverse effects on health. To explore
the occupational health problems of the textile workers of desert and their
association with nutrition and environmental factors investigations were
carried-out in two districts viz. Jodhpur and Pali. Data on
occupational disease conditions, environmental factors, nutritional deficiency
signs and anemia were collected on a total of 1240 individuals out of which
845 were textile workers and 395 comparative group workers of same age groups.
The main disease conditions i.e. Aches (19.4%), respiratory (12.1%) and
fever (7.7%), were higher in textile workers than comparative group. Dyeing
group workers suffered maximum (25.5%) from aches that too significantly
higher than comparative group (11.6 %), may be due to higher percentage
of severe anemia, besides physical labour. Printing and bleaching group
workers were suffering from respiratory problems (15.5%) almost twice to
that of comparative group, which may be due to more exposure to fumes of
acids and use of chemical dyes. Housing
conditions, Personal hygiene and education showed negative association with
disease conditions but positive with anemia. The study revealed that in
textile industry, disease conditions varies with the categorization of work.
The findings suggest for the implementation of safety measures according to the type of work in textile industries,
besides extension of health and nutrition education and welfare programmes. |
|
| G-17 |
Singh, Madhu B, Fotedar, R, Lakshminarayana, J and Anand,
PK. Studies on the nutritional status of children aged 0–5 years in a drought-affected
desert area of western Rajasthan, India. Pub. Health
Nutrition, 2006. 9: 961-67. |
|
|
The present study was undertaken to assess
the impact of drought on the nutritional
status of pre-school children aged 0–5 years from a rural
population in a desert area facing drought conditions very frequently.
The sampling design for assessment was the three-stage sampling
technique. The study was carried out in 24 villages belonging to
six tehsils (sub-units of district) of Jodhpur District, a drought-affected
desert district of western Rajasthan, during a drought in 2003. A total of 914 children were examined at household level, with
nutritional status assessed by anthropometry, dietary intake and clinical
signs of nutritional deficiency. The results
revealed growth retardation. Stunting
(malnutrition of long duration) was observed in 53 % of children and underweight in 60 %. Wasting,
an indicator of short-duration malnutrition was present in 28% of children.
The extent of malnutrition was significantly
higher in girls than boys (P, 0.05). Vitamin A and Bcomplex deficiencies
were found in 0.7 and 3.0% of children, respectively. Prevalence of marasmus
(protein–energy malnutrition, PEM) was 1.7% (2.3% in boys and 1.1% in girls). Overall deficits in mean energy and protein intakes were
very high (76 and 54%, respectively).
Comparison of the present drought results with earlier studies in desert
normal and desert drought conditions showed higher prevalence of
PEM and higher dietary energy and protein deficiencies. The prevalence of
wasting was high, greater
than the cut-off point of 15% stated by World Health Organization to indicate
that the severity of malnutrition is critical. PEM, vitamin A and B complex
deficiencies and anaemia, along with dietary deficits of energy and protein,
were observed to be higher than in non-desert areas. This may be due to
the harsh environmental conditions in desert areas where drought occurs
quite frequently and adversely affects the economy, largely by eroding the coping capacity and economic
potential of the people as a result of heavy livestock losses and reduced
harvests, leading to increased poverty and poor food intake of the inhabitants.
Due to inadequate consumption of daily food the children were suffering
from wasting and PEM. Efforts should be made to incorporate measures, such
as ensuring the supply of adequate energy and protein to all age groups
and especially pre-school children, into ongoing nutrition programs in order
to improve the food security of local inhabitants in this area. |
|
| G-18 |
Singh, Madhu B, Lakshminarayana,
J, Fotedar, R and Anand, PK.
Childhood illnesses and malnutrition in under five children
in drought affected
desert area of western Rajasthan, India. J. Commun. Dis., 2006, 38: 88-96. |
|
|
The study was undertaken to asses the impact of drought on
childhood illnesses and nutrition in under five
children of rural population. The sampling
design for assessment was three stage sampling technique. The study has
been carried out in 24 villages belonging to 6 tehsils of Jodhpur district
which was a drought affected desert district of Western Rajasthan in 2003.
A total of 914 under
five children (0-5 years) were examined for their childhood illnesses, malnutrition,
dietary intake and clinical signs of nutritional deficiency. Childhood illnesses
observed at the time of drought were respiratory (7.5 %), gastroentrological
(7.5%), and 5.6% fever (viral, malaria and jaundice), higher in males than
females. The extent of malnutrition was significantly higher in females
than in males (p<0.01). Vitamin A & B complex deficiencies were 0.7%
and 3% respectively. The protein energy malnutrition (PEM) was observed
in 44.4%. Overall mean calorie
and protein intake deficit was observed to be very high (76.0 & 54.0
%). The comparison of present drought results with earlier studies in normal
and drought conditions showed higher prevalence of PEM and deficiencies
of calories & proteins in their diet. Respiratory, gastroentrological
and fever were main childhood illnesses observed and were higher in males
at the time of drought. PEM, vitamin A & B- complex deficiencies, anemia
along with deficit in calories and proteins in their diet was observed higher
in present study as compared to non desert areas, which may be due to the
harsh environmental conditions in desert areas and paucity in the consumption
of daily food intake. Due to inadequate consumption of daily food, the children
were suffering from PEM resulting in several childhood illnesses. Effective
measures making availability of adequate calories and proteins to all age
groups especially to under five children through the ongoing nutrition programs
needs to be ensured. |
|
|
H. Opium Addiction |
|
| H-1 |
Mathur, ML, Bansal, RK and Dixit, AK. Prevalence
of Opium Consumption in rural population of desert district Jodhpur. Indian
J. Pub. Hlth., 1991, 4: 117-18. |
|
| H-2 |
Mathur, ML. Management of Opium Addiction by Gradual Withdrawal
Technique in a camp. A preliminary study. IJPSM,
1992, 2: 4-11. |
|
| H-3 |
Mathur, ML and Mahapatra, A. A Retrospective study of Opium
Addicts in De-addiction Camps and rural community. J.
Hum. Ecol., 1993, 4: 267-73. |
|
| H-4 |
Ganguly, KK, Sharma, HK and Krishnamachari, KAVR. An
ethnographic account of opium consumers of Rajasthan (India): socio-medical
perspective. Addiction, 1995, 90: 9-21. |
|
| H-5 |
Mathur, ML and Chaudhary, RC. Increased risk of Tuberculosis
in Opium addicts. Ind. J. Med. Sci., 1996,
50: 365-67. |
|
| H-6 |
Lakshminarayana, J, Misra, KN and Kalunda, RK. Opium consumption
and Fecundability. Proc. Ann. Conf. ISMS, 2000,
277-88. |
|
|
Abstracts |
|
| H-1 |
Mathur, ML, Bansal, RK and
Dixit, AK. Prevalence of Opium Consumption in rural population of
desert district Jodhpur. Indian J. Pub. Hlth.,
1991, 4: 117-18. |
|
|
Western part of Raiasthan is socio-culturally distinct entity
having social sanction to use opium during religious and cultural gatherings.
The study was carried out in 19 villages of Jodhpur district between Novemher
1986 and August 1987. Members of 511 households selected from these villages
were interrogated. In this survey all the female
subjects reported that they never consumed opium. There was no regular user
of opium in people below fifteen years of age. Therefore, prevalence of
opium users was calculated for males aged fifteen years or more. Those who
consumed opium at least once every day were taken as regular users. All
others were occasional users or non users. Frequency of opium consumption
among occasional users varied from once in a month to once in a year. There
were 2450 individuals aged fifteen years or more in selected 511 households,
of which 1640 could be contacted and covered in the study. Prevalence of
regular users of opium increases with age more so above age of 45 years.
Overall prevalence of regular users was 7.1 percent in males aged fifteen
years or more. Frequency of occasional users was 2.4 percent in age group
15 to 44 years but increased significantly thereafter. It was 16.4 percent
in the age group 45 to 59 years and 11.5 percent in the age group 60 years
and above. In all 25.9 percent males above 44 years age consumed opium.
In the age group 5 to 14 years there was no regular user of opium but 3.3
percent consumed opium occasionally. All the consumers swallowed less than
five grams of crude opium per day. Majority of opium users were heads of
households. In case where other family member was an opium user the head
of the household was also an opium user in majority of cases. |
|
| H-2 |
Mathur, ML. Management of
Opium Addiction by Gradual Withdrawal Technique in a camp. A preliminary
study. IJPSM, 1992,
2: 4-11. |
|
|
Crude opium is daily consumed by 7.1% of adult males in villages
of desert district Jodhpur in Rajasthan. In present study an opium de-addiction
camp was organized in a village for 34 addicts with mean age 47.3 ± 10.4
years. Crude opium was substituted with camphorated tincture opium and dose
of addiction was assessed in them. It ranged from 5 to 120 ml/day. A positive
correlation was found between assessed dose of addiction and quantity of
opium consumed as reported by the individual (r=0.912). Camphorated tincture
opium was gradually withdrawn in a period spread over five days. Severity
of withdrawal symptoms during gradual withdrawal and deaddiction was so
less that admission in camp could have been avoided in 50.0% subjects, while
20.6% subjects actually attended their regular jobs and lived at their houses
during deaddiction treatment. All 16 addicts with earlier experience of
abrupt withdrawal reported that symptoms were less severe during gradual
withdrawal than abrupt withdrawal. Severity of various withdrawal symptoms
had significant positive correlation with dose of addiction (r=0.366 to
0.948) but had no correlation with duration of addiction (r= 0.487 to +0.395).
|
|
| H-3 |
Mathur, ML and Mahapatra,
A. A Retrospective study of Opium Addicts in De-addiction Camps and rural
community. J. Hum. Ecol.,
1993, 4: 267-73. |
|
|
Drug abuse problem is worsening day by day specially in the
Thar desert of Rajasthan. Generally people start opium at social gatherings
as it is customary to offer. It affects the socio-economic conditions of
family in long run. Though it is customary and a must to offer opium in
all social functions, but opium business is done underground due to government
laws. A method to tackle the problem is to organize de-addiction camps in
the villages. The prevalence rate of opium addicts is never reported earlier.
This study shows a prevalence rate of 13.4% in adult males of western Rajasthan.
Caste wise addiction rate as reported is interesting and important to understand
the pivotal position of caste in rural Rajasthan. They start opium above
the age of 20 years and the consumption quantity gradually goes up. Generally
around the age of 45 years they opt for de-addiction which is seldom available.
Camp approach of de-addiction is felt to be the best method in the emic
sense of problem. A social movement may bring about a change in the customs
of the people of this region. |
|
| H-4 |
Ganguly, KK, Sharma, HK and
Krishnamachari, KAVR. An ethnographic account of
opium consumers of Rajasthan (India): socio-medical perspective. Addiction, 1995, 90: 9-21. |
|
|
This communication gives an ethnographic account
of 200 opium users in selected villages of three Western districts in the
desert state of Rajasthan. The region is known for its traditional use of
raw opium in the form of amal or doda, due to its climate and difficult
living conditions. The ethnographic information suggests that opium use
is in many ways integrated into the socio-cultural fabric of the local community.
Self-medication with opium mitigates various health problems and the drug
is also used to relieve mental distress. Besides these uses for relief of
distress, the drug is used recreationally and within settings which facilitate
social bonding. The traditional roles ascribed to the use of this intoxicant
cannot be dismissed when formulating long-term preventive and control measures. |
|
| H-5 |
Mathur, ML and Chaudhary, RC. Increased risk of Tuberculosis
in Opium addicts. Ind. J. Med. Sci., 1996, 50: 365-67. |
|
|
In rural areas of desert of western Rajasthan crude opium
is consumed with a social sanction by a notable proportion (7.1%) of adult
males. It is believed that prevalence of opium addiction is high in TB cases
as they may use it to suppress cough. Prevalence of opium addiction among
TB cases from rural desert (16.1%) was compared with that in general population
(7.1%) and the difference was found significant (X2 = 11.6, p >
0.001). The difference became a little more prominent after age adjustment.
A case control analysis of matched pairs showed significant association
between opium addiction and pulmonary tuberculosis (Odd's ratio = 2.61 and
attributable risk = 0.099). Results were consistent in different age and
ethnic groups. In cases with opium addiction, the addiction always preceded
the pulmonary tuberculosis. |
|
| H-6 |
Lakshminarayana, J, Misra,
KN and Kalunda, RK. Opium consumption and Fecundability. Proc. Ann. Conf. ISMS, 2000,
277-88. |
|
|
The opium and doda consumption in two desert districts namely
Barmer and Bikaner of Rajasthan is very much prevalent due to their social
customs during auspicious and vital events. An indirect effect of opium/doda
consumption and becoming addicts over a period of time which affects the
fertility of their wives. The median age of the consumers is 41.4 years
and duration of consumption is 7.5 years. The indirect effect of on fertility
and their fecundibility was estimated with the help of a probability model
of closed birth interval technique suggested by srinivasan. The nature and
variation of due to age, parity and duration was examined. |
|
|
I. Occupational Health |
|
| I-1 |
Mathur, ML Silicosis among sand stone quarry workers of a
desert district Jodhpur. Ann. Nat.. Acad. Med. Sci. (India), 1996, 32: 113-18. |
|
| I-2 |
Mathur, ML and Chaudhary, RC. Mortality Experience of
Sand stone quarry workers of Jodhpur district. Lung
India, 1996, 14: 66-68. |
|
| I-3 |
Mathur, ML, Dixit, AK and Lakshminarayana, J. Correlates
of Peak Expiratory Flow Rate : A study of Sand Stone Quarry Workers
in Desert. Indian J. Physio. Pharmacol.,
1996, 40: 340-44. |
|
| I-4 |
Mathur. ML and Dixit, AK. A Study of Forced Vital Capacity
and its predictors among the sand stone quarry workers. Indian J.
Physiol. Pharmacol., 1999, 43: 347-54. |
|
| I-5 |
Yadav, SP and Mathur, ML. A study of medico-social problems
of sandstone quarry workers in the Jodhpur district of North-Western part
of Rajasthan. Proc. Nat.l. Seminar on Small Scale
Mining, 2001, 152-57. |
|
| I-6 |
Mathur, ML and Yadav, SP. Wet Drlling as a measure of dust
control in quarrying of sandstone. Proceedings of
National Seminar on Recent Development in Machinery and Equipment for Dimensional
Stone Mining, College of Technology and Engineering,
Maharana Pratap Agriculture University, Udaipur, 2003, 183-89. |
|
| I-7 |
Singh, Madhu B, Lakshminarayana, J and Fotedar, R. Smoking
pattern among the workers engaged in Textile industries of desert districts
of Rajasthan. Indian J. Med. Sci., 2004, 58: 443-45. |
|
| I-8 |
Mathur, ML. Pattern and Predictors of Mortality in Sandstone
Quarry workers. Ind. J. Occup. Env. Med., 2005, 9: 80-85. |
|
| I-9 |
Mathur, ML, Haldiya, KR, Sachadev, R and Saiyed, HN. Risk
of Pterygium in Salt Workers. Int. Ophthalmol., 2005, 26: 43-47. |
|
| I-10 |
Haldiya, KR, Sachdev, R, Mathur, ML and Saiyed,
HN. Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Related to Occupational Health Problems
among Salt Workers Working in the Desert of Rajasthan, India. J.
Occup. Health, 2005, 47:85-88. |
|
| I-11 |
Yadav, SP and Mathur, ML. Knowledge and practices about malaria
among the sandstone quarry workers in Jodhpur district, Rajasthan. Annals
of Arid Zone, 2005, 44: 65-70. |
|
| I-12 |
Sachdev, R. Mathur, ML, Haldiya, KR and Saiyed, HN. Work
related health problems in salt workers of Rajasthan, India. Ind.
J. Occup. Env. Med.,
2006, 10: 62-64. |
|
| I-13 |
Yadav, SP, Mathur, ML and Dixit, AK. Knowledge and attitude
towards tuberculosis among the sandstone quarry workers in desert part of
Rajasthan, India. Ind. J. Tub.,
2006.
(In Press) |
|
|
Abstracts |
|
| I-1 |
Mathur, ML Silicosis among
sand stone quarry workers of
a desert district Jodhpur. Ann. Nat. Acad.
Med. Sci. (India), 1996, 32: 113-18. |
|
|
Four hundred sixteen sand stone quarry workers of Jodhpur
district were screened for prevalence of silicosis and pulmonary tuberculosis
to estimate magnitude of the problem in this region. Their chest radiographs
were taken at 300 mA and were read according to Intemational Classification
of Radiographs of Pneumoconioses, 1980. Concentration of total and respirable
dust in quarries was measured. Chronic symptoms persistent for six or more
months were cough (49.5%), expectoration (42.1%) dyspnoea (41.1%) and pain
chest (24.5%). Radiological opacities suggestive of silicosis were seen
in 9.9% radiographs, and radiological signs of pulmonary tuberculosis were
seen in 15.6% radiographs. Prevalence of both conditions increased with
duration of work. Examination of sputum smear of subjects with symptoms
of tuberculosis revealed 3.6% prevalence of bacteriologically confirmed
cases of tuberculosis. Minimum concentration of respirable quartz was 8893
micron/m3 in air samples collected from breathing zone of quarry workers,
while WHO suggests a safe upper limit of 40 microns/m3. The study indicates
a considerable prevalence of silicosis in desert but of lesser magnitude
and severity as compared to other parts of India. |
|
| I-2 |
Mathur, ML and Chaudhary
RC. Mortality Experience of Sand stone quarry workers of Jodhpur district.
Lung India, 1996,
14: 66-68. |
|
|
A case control study of deceased quarry workers and controls
comparing their age at the time of death was carried out. It showed that
the mean age at death was 49.3 ± 12.1 years in quarry workers and 60.0 ±
14.4 years in non-worker controls. In another prospective study, a sample
of 314 quarry workers and 40 ex-workers was followed up for a period of
17.4 ± 7.2 months to study their mortality rate. This study demonstrated
that there was excess mortality in quarry works (Stanardised Mortality Ratio
(SMR) = 1184, 95% confidence Interval 0.79 to 2.90). Mortality was higher
in those with opacities suggestive of silicosis in chest skiagrams (age
adjusted death rate 66.3 per thousand per year and SMR = 6,95), than in
non-silicotics (age adjusted death rate 19.97 per 1000 per year and SMR
= 1.63). Workers with pulmonary tuberculosis had significantly higher mortality
than other quarry workers. Even in the absence of tuberculosis, mortality
was more in silicotics (age adjusted death rate 24.9 per thousand per year,
SMR 2.8). |
|
| I-3 |
Mathur, ML, Dixit, AK and
Lakshminarayana, J. Correlates of Peak Expiratory Flow Rate: A study of
Sand Stone Quarry Workers in Desert. Indian J. Physio. Pharmacol., 1996, 40: 340-44. |
|
|
The study assesses the relationship between selected demographic,
anthropometeric, radiological, work-history and smoking-history related
variables with Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) in a sample of 286 sand
stone quarry workers from a desert region. Age, height, profusion of radiological
opacities, age at beginning of work, duration of work and duration of smoking
were found significantly associated with PEFR while duration of exposure
to dust, nature of job and number of biries smoked per day failed to establish
their significant association. Mean PEFR of these workers was found significantly
lower than the same among healthy adults from the study area. The subset
of predictors of PEFR only included age, height and profusion of radiological
opacities as identified by multiple regression analysis. |
|
| I-4 |
Mathur, ML and Dixit, AK.
A Study of Forced Vital Capacity and its predictors among the sand stone
quarry workers. Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol.,
1999, 43: 347-54. |
|
|
The study assesses the relationship of selected demographic,
anthropometric, radiological, work-history and smoking-history related variables
with Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) in a sample of 168 sand stone quarry workers
in a desert environment. Except the variables related to smoking behaviour,
all are found significantly associated with FVC. The predictors of FVC screened
through the multiple regression analysis were age, weight, and height, profusion
of opacities in chest X-ray and duration of work. Mean FVC was found significantly
lower as compared to the healthy adult population. On an average FVC% was
90% of predicted (Percentage deviation of 10%). A clear increasing trend
in FVC% along age/duration of work was observed among the young workers,
which may be due to building of muscles in this job. Percentage deviation
of 20% or more in FVC was significantly associated with presence of radiological
opacities suggestive of silicosis (odds Ratio = 3.3). The diagnostic utility
of the same is also assessed. |
|
| I-5 |
Yadav, SP and Mathur, ML.
A study of medico-social problems of sandstone quarry workers in the Jodhpur
district of North-Western part of Rajasthan. Proc.
Natl. Seminar
on Small Scale Mining. 2001, 152-157. |
|
|
Sand stone mining is the one of the important source of earning
livelihood of the population in the Jodhpur district. These stone quarries
are operated openly and 95 % of the work is done manually in very small
units as an unorganized sector. More than 50,000 workers are working in
it without using any mining safely measures. Therefore, this study was undertaken
to know the medico-social problems of the sand quarry workers in Jodhpur
district. Two hundred ninety two workers were selected randomly. Interview
technique was used for the data collection on the pre-tested schedules.
More than 90 % workers were bvelonging to the rural area. About one third
workers come for work and go back to their places daily. Rest of them lived
on the work site or near by. Majority of them were Hindus and belonging
to schedule castes and schedule tribes. About 80 were illiterate and belonging
to low socio-economic class. Almost three fourth had no alternative other
than to work in quarries till they could. Most of them did not feel concerned
about occupational health hazards, safety measures, surrounding polluted
environment impact etc. Intervention programme were required but need was
not felt by the workers due to ignorance. |
|
| I-6 |
Mathur, ML and Yadav, SP.
Wet Drlling as a measure of dust control in quarrying of sandstone. Proceedings
of National Seminar on Recent Development in Machinery and Equipment for
Dimensional Stone Mining, College of Technology
and Engineering, Maharana Pratap Agriculture University, Udaipur, 2003,
183-89. |
|
|
Results
of the study indicated that Mechanical Dry Drilling Units used in sandstone
quarries can be locally converted into usable Wet Drilling Units. This conversion
costs Rs. 3000-4000 per unit. The generation of air-borne dust could be
significantly reduced by making the drilling process wet. |
|
| I-7 |
Singh, Madhu B, Lakshminarayana,
J and Fotedar, R. Smoking pattern among the workers engaged in Textile industries
of desert districts of Rajasthan. Indian J. Med. Sci,.
2004, 58: 443-45. |
|
|
In Rajasthan nearly 21,000 workers are engaged in various
types of activities in textile industries located in desert districts of
Rajasthan. Due to higher stress of work, most of the labors start smoking
at an early age which lead them to various hazards of smoking in addition
to their exposure to harsh conditions of desert along with hazards of the
textile industry. The present study was carried out with the aim to study
the pattern of smoking habits among the textile workers
in desert areas. 1240 individuals were interviewed out of which 845
were textile workers (33 textile industries selected randomly from Jodhpur
and Pali district) and 395 individuals were from comparative group of same
age group, not involved in textile work and living in and around the textile
industries. Random Sampling Technique was used for the selection of individuals.
Percentage of smoking was observed very high in textile workers i.e. 51.4
%. The percentage of smoking ‘Beeri’ and consuming ‘Gutka’was found higher
in the textile workers in comparison to comparative group. In early age
groups, 54 percent textile workers had habit of smoking which may be due
to their low education as 55.1% of smokers were educated only upto primary
standard. Low education and onset of working in early age groups
in textile workers may be responsible for their unawareness regarding the various hazards of the smoking
in relation to their health. So there is a strong need of anti smoking campaigns
to be organised for the textile workers to change their attitude towards
smoking which in turn will be beneficial for their health. |
|
| I-8 |
Mathur, ML. Pattern and Predictors
of Mortality in Sandstone Quarry workers. Ind. J.
Occup. Env. Med., 2005, 9: 80-85. |
|
|
Context: Study of silicosis was conducted in 1992-94, which
included a sample of 458 sandstone quarry workers of Jodhpur. Aims: To find
out pattern and predictors of mortality in sandstone quarry workers. Methods:
Houses of all workers were visited and the worker’s status was recorded.
Statistical Analysis: Standardised Mortality Ratio (for all causes of death)
was calculated. Cox proportional hazard model was
applied to study the association of different variables with mortality.
Results: Total 97.8% workers could be followed, of whom, 10.9%
had died (SMR=1.72; 95%CI 1.23 to 2.19). The average age at time of death
of the deceased was 51.8 ± 12.5 years. Mortality was higher among silicotics
(SMR=2.54; 95%CI 1.43 to 3.66), smokers (SMR=1.83; 95%CI 1.27 to 2.39) and
those showing mixed abnormality in pulmonary function test (SMR=2.73; 95%CI
1.24 to 4.21). In multivariate Cox Proportional
Hazard model, restriction in spirometery (HR=13.95; 95%CI 9.14 to
21.29), longer duration (>15 years) of working in quarries (HR=7.29;
95%CI 5.19 to 10.24), chronic dyspnoea (HR=6.48; 95%CI 4.70 to 8.95), silicosis (HR=6.03;
95%CI 4.85 to 7.51), BMI<1.75 (HR=3.50; 95%CI 2.78 to 4.41) and chronic pain
chest (HR=3.28; 95%CI 2.51 to 4.28) emerged as significant predictors of all cause mortality.
Conclusion: Sandstone quarry workers die at younger age. In absence of certified
cause of death, these predictors suggest that silicosis, COPD, cancer lung
and tuberculosis might be underlying causes of higher mortality. The study
underlines the need for adopting measures of prevention fine dust exposure
of workers. |
|
| I-9 |
Mathur, ML, Haldiya, KR,
Sachdev, R and Saiyed, HN. Risk of Pterygium in Salt Workers. Int.
Ophthalmol., 2005, 26: 43-47. |
|
|
To find out if exposure to direct and reflected sunlight
in brine pans (ground water rich in salt, kept in wide pans in open air
for salt manufacturing), increases the risk of pterygium in exposed salt
workers. It was a cross sectional observational study, in which 865 salt
workers were examined in the Free Occupational Health Check-up camps held
near salt sites; 304 persons from the same area engaged in other work were
examined as controls. The prevalence of pterygium in different age groups
was compared between brine workers (who worked in the brine pans), dry salt
workers, (who were engaged in the loading, weighing, milling, packing or
transportation of the dry salt but never worked in brine pans) and non-salt-worker
controls. The prevalence of pterygium was significantly higher in brine
workers (21.0%) as compared to dry salt workers (9.1%) (Yates corrected
X2=23.45, p=0.00000) and non-saltworker controls (9.4%) (Yates corrected
X2= 15.69, p=0.00007). It increased with age and duration of employment
in the salt industry. Brine workers have a hjgher risk of developing pterygium
probably due to their exposuret o sunlight reflected both from the surface
of brine and from the surface of salt crystals. |
|
| I-10 |
Haldiya, KR, Sachdev, R,
Mathur, ML and Saiyed, HN. Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Related to
Occupational Health Problems among Salt Workers Working in the Desert of
Rajasthan, India. J. Occup. Health,
2005, 47:85-88 |
|
|
Workers in the salt industry are exposed to
direct sunlight, salt dust and contact with brine. To assess their awareness,
attitude and practices related to occupational health problems, 205 salt
workers were interviewed about health hazards and problems related to their
working conditions, usage of protective measures and suggestions for their
improvisation. The brine workers had a fair knowledge of their occupational
health problems (98.7%), protective measures (100.0%) and their benefits
(100.0%) as compared to non brine workers for whom these figures were 89.0%,
85.8% and 78.7% respectively. The brine workers (29.5%) and non brine workers
(31.5%) used unconventional measures to prevent contact with salty water,
salt dust, raw salt and glare. There was a huge gap between their knowledge
and practice with protective devices, though they suggested improvements
in protective devices to increase their acceptability. |
|
| I-11 |
Yadav, SP and Mathur, ML.
Knowledge and practices about malaria among the sandstone quarry workers
in Jodhpur district, Rajasthan. Annals of Arid Zone, 2005, 44: 65-70. |
|
|
Malaria is a common parasitic disease transmitted through
mosquitoes. It affects health as well as economic condition of victims.
Following rains, water is accumulated in quarries which become breeding
grounds for mosquitoes round the year. This study was conducted on the sandstone
quarry workers for determining their level of awareness and practices about
malaria. It revealed that majority (79.2%) of the sandstone quarry workers
were below the age of 40 years and 71.1% were illiterate. In all 33% of
respondents were aware of the cause of malaria as mosquito bite. Awareness
about causation of disease increased with the literacy status, being 22.5%
in illiterates and 88.5% in those with middle school or higher education.
Nearly 40% of the respondents attributed high fever with chills and rigor
as the most important symptom of malaria. Less than 49% of workers knew
that mosquito bred in water while only 22.2% knew mosquito breeding could
be prevented. This knowledge was more prevalent among educated workers as
compared to illiterates. Our study has shown that the awareness about the
cause and practices of prevention of malaria were just fair among the sandstone
quarry workers and needs to be strengthened. |
|
| I-12 |
Sachdev, R. Mathur, ML,
Haldiya, KR and Saiyed, HN. Work related health problems in salt workers
of Rajasthan, India. Ind. J. Occup. Env. Med., 2006, 10: 62-64. |
|
|
About 20,000 men and women are engaged in the production
of salt in Rajasthan alone, which is an important unorganized sector. The
salt workers are exposed to adversities of environmental conditions as well
as salt in the environment. There is a lack of information about their occupational
health problems. The study aimed to identify work related health problems
experienced by the salt workers. Data were collected in the health camps held near salt sites.
Workers of salt manufacturing units were invited for their free health examination.
Analysis of the data was carried out using Epi-Info 2002 software.
Prevalence of ophthalmological symptoms was 60.7%, that of dermatological
symptoms was 43.8% and symptoms like headache, giddiness, breathlessness,
muscular and joint pains were experienced by 52.1% salt workers. The ophthalmological
problems were most common, probably due to irritation by direct sunlight
and its glare caused by salt crystals and brine as well as irritation caused
by fine salt particles suspended in the air of the working environment.
Traumatic ulcers, dermatitis, muscular and joint pains, headache and giddiness
were other more common symptoms observed among the workers. Prevalence of
hypertension was 12.0%. Looking at large number of salt workers exposed
to salt and facing occupational health problems, there is a need for developing
a mechanism for prevention of these problems in them. |
|
| I-13 |
Yadav, SP, Mathur, ML and
Dixit, AK. Knowledge and attitude towards tuberculosis among the sandstone
quarry workers in desert part of Rajasthan, India. Ind.
J. Tub., 2006. (In Press) |
|
|
Present study was conducted to know the knowledge and attitude
of sand stone quarry workers of Jodhpur towards tuberculosis. Nineteen sandstone
quarrying sites were selected randomly in Jodhpur district from which 376
quarry workers were interviewed who consented to participate in the study.
Their literacy rate was 28.5%. More than half (50.5%) per cent had heard
about tuberculosis from neighbours followed by 42.6% from friends and 37.2%
family members. Only 1.6% knew that tuberculosis was caused by germs and
45.2 % respondants had a misconconception that TB was a hereditary adisease.
Literates were more aware than illiterates about symptoms of tuberculosis.
Only 6.9% knew about the need of treatment for 6-8 months and 0.8% knew
about the BCG vaccine for prevention of tuberculosis. Tendency to discriminate
TB patients was evident as 72.6% respondents opined to isolate TB patients
from the family and 80.6% opined to avoid food sharing with these patients.
Extensive health education directed towards bringing a change in attitude
among sandstone quarry workers is needed to create awareness and remove
myths about tuberculosis in such groups of people in the community. |
|
|
J. Public Health |
|
| J-1 |
Mathur, ML, Bansal, RK, Rajlakshmi, K, Dixit, AK and Ramnath,
T. Morbidity pattern of rural population of a typical desert district of
Rajasthan: Findings of a preliminary study. IJPSM, 1990, 21: 41-47. |
|
| J-2 |
Singh, Madhu B, Haldiya, KR, Lakshminarayana, J and Chand,
Ramesh. Fertility and family planning practices in the villages of
Jaipur district - A preliminary survey. Rajasthan Medical Journal,
1991, 30: 181-88. |
|
| J-3 |
Ganguly, KK, Yadav, SP, Mahapatra, A, Dam, PK and Krishnamachari,
KAVR. A community based study of the sociological aspects of night blindness
in the desert region of Rajasthan. Ind. J. Soc. Work,
1992, 63: 45-49. |
|
| J-4 |
Joshi, V. Dracunculiasis in Jodhpur district: Studies on
some epidemiological and parasitological aspects. J.
Commun. Dis., 1992, 24: 191-93. |
|
| J-5 |
Krishnamachari, KAVR and Yadav, SP. Use of camel cart for
health care delivery in remote desert habitations. Annals
of Arid Zone, 1992, 31: 151-52. |
|
| J-6 |
Yadav, SP. A sociological study of leprosy patients in the
Thar Desert. Ind. J. Prev. Soc. Med.,
1992, 23: 37-42. |
|
| J-7 |
Dam PK, Mahapatra, A, Ganguly, KK, Dixit, AK, Singh, Madhu
B, Lakshminarayana, J, Sapra, GP and Krishnamachari, KAVR. Socio-Demographic
profile of the tribal population in three districts of Rajasthan. The
Eastern Anthropologist, 1993, 45: 241-53. |
|
| J-8 |
Singh, Karam V. Ixodid ticks infesting some domestic
animals in rural areas of Jaipur district (Rajasthan). Indian J. Parasitol., 1993, 16:
173-76. |
|
| J-9 |
Singh, Madhu B, Haldiya, KR, Lakshminarayana, J and Chand,
Ramesh. Social and demographic profile of selected villages in Jaipur district
of Rajasthan. Rajasthan Medical Journal, 1993, 32: 103-08. |
|
| J-10 |
Singh, Madhu B, Lakshminarayana, J and Haldiya, KR. KAP study
regarding common diseases among rural women inhabiting some semi-arid areas
of Rajasthan. Annals of Arid Zone, 1993, 32:
113-14. |
|
| J-11 |
Singh, Karam V and Bansal, SK. Studies on the feeding pattern
of Culex quinquefasciatus,
the vector of lymphatic filasriasis, in a desert district of Rajasthan.
Geobios new Reports, 1995, 14:
13-16. |
|
| J-12 |
Singh, Madhu B and Singh, Karam V. Studies on the role of demographic and socio-economic factors in
the distribution of important vectors in a semi-arid area of Rajasthan. Proc. Intl. Symp. Vect. Vectorborne Dis., 1995,
2: 193-97. |
|
| J-13 |
Ramnath, T and Mathur, ML. An approach to evaluate
a possible bias in Indian Well to do standard weight values and its implication
on interpretation of survey results. J. Tropical Pediatr., 1996, 42:
376-78. |
|
| J-14 |
Singh, Karam V and Singh, Madhu B. Studies on the role of
socio-demographic factors in the distribution of rodents in a semi-arid
area of Rajasthan. Annals of Arid Zone,
1996, 35: 69-72. |
|
| J-15 |
Singh, Madhu B, Haldiya, KR and
Chaudhary, RC. Knowledge and attitude of pregnant women regarding
AIDS in semi-arid area of Rajasthan. J . Commun.
Dis., 1997, 29: 139-44. |
|
| J-16 |
Bansal, SK. Prevalence of some major disease vectors and
their control in semi-arid areas of the Thar desert. Proc.
Acad. Environ. Biol., 1998, 7: 17-25. |
|
| J-17 |
Tyagi, BK, Yadav, SP, Dam, PK and Ramnath, T. Enhanced breeding
of malaria/dengue fever transmitting vector mosquitoes (Anopheles
stephensi List, Aedies aegypti Linn.) in multi storey buildings of Jodhpur Township: Prospective
health problems and remedies. Proc. UGC National
Seminar on Multi storey buildings of growing towns problems and remedies,
Jodhpur. 1999, 373-80. |
|
| J-18 |
Yadav, SP and Tyagi, BK. Responses of women with malaria
history in relation to family management and support in the rural Thar Desert,
India. Under constant threat of increasing mosquitogenic conditions. Ann. Med. Entomol., 1999, 9:
32-41. |
|
| J-19 |
Yadav, SP, Tyagi, BK, Dam, PK and Ramnath, T. On some socio-economic
aspects of inhabitants of multistory buildings of Jodhpur city.
Proc., UGC National Seminar on Multi storey buildings of growing towns problems
and remedies, Jodhpur. 1999, 53-58. |
|
| J-20 |
Dam, PK, Ramnath, T, Yadav, SP and Tyagi, BK. Use of ethnomedicinal
practices in the Thar Desert, North Western, India. J.
Econ. Taxon. Bot., 2000, 24: 303-18. |
|
| J-21 |
Mathur, ML, Yadav, SP and
Tyagi, BK. A Study of an Epidemic of Acute Respiratory Disease in
Jaipur town. J. Postgrad. Med., 2000, 46: 88-90. |
|
| J-22 |
Singh, Karam V and Bansal, SK. Current insecticide susceptibility
status of Culex quinquefasciatus, the vector
of lymphatic filariasis, against few conventional and more potent insecticides
in some desert and non-desert parts of Rajasthan. Annals
of Arid Zone, 2001, 40: 79-84. |
|
| J-23 |
Bansal, SK and Singh, Karam V. Toxicological evaluation of
some organophosphorus compounds against larvae of Culex
quinquefasciatus in Bikaner district, Rajasthan. Annals
of Arid Zone, 2002, 41: 169-73. |
|
| J-24 |
Agrawal, RP, Singh, G, Nayak, KC, Kochar, DK, Sharma, RC,
Beniwal, R, Rastogi, P and Gupta, R. Prevalence of diabetes in camel-milk
consuming Raica Rural community of north-west Rajasthan. Int. J. Diab. Dev. Countries,
2004, 24: 109-14. |
|
| J-25 |
Dewan, A, Bhatnagar, VK, Mathur, ML, Chakma, T, Kashyap,
R, Sadhu, HG, Sinha, SN and Saiyed, HN. Repeated Episodes of Endosulfan
Poisoning. J. Toxicol-Clin. Toxic.,
2004, 42: 363-69. |
|
| J-26 |
Sachdev, R, Haldiya, KR and Dixit, AK. Acute Intermittent
Porphyria in Kumhar Community of Western Rajasthan. J.
Assoc. Physicians India, 2005, 53: 101-03. |
|
| J-27 |
Dixit, AK, Anand, PK and
Sharma, RC. A study of district level development factors influencing infant
mortality rate and life expectancy in the Indian Thar Desert. Journal
of Rural and Tropical Public Health, 2006,
5: 42-45. |
|
| J-28 |
Purohit, SD, Purohit, V and Mathur, ML. A Clinical scoring
system as useful as FNAC in diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis in HIV
positive patients. Curr. HIV Res.,
2006, 4: 459-62. |
|
|
Abstracts |
|
| J-1 |
Mathur, ML, Bansal, RK, Rajlakshmi,
K, Dixit, AK and Ramnath, T. Morbidity pattern of rural population of a
typical desert district of Rajasthan: Findings of a preliminary study. IJPSM, 1990, 21: 41-47. |
|
|
A
cross sectional health survey was carried out in 19 villages of Jodhpur,
a desert district of Rajasthan in 1986-87 to find out important morbidity
conditions prevalent there. Prevalence of different conditions like vitamin
A deficiency (10.1%), vitamin B complex deficiency (6.5%), dental caries
(37.3%), dental mottlinig (9.7%), conjunctivitis (3.9%), upper respiratory
infections (4.7%), bronchitis (1.9%), gastric acidity (1.6%), multiple boils
(3.7%), and fungal infections of skin (1.7%) are reported. This showed nutritional
deficiency disorders, respiratory diseases, gastric acidity and skin infections
were major problems. However keratomalacia, scurvy, diarrhea and gastro-intestinal
worms were not reported as significant problems. |
|
| J-2 |
Singh, Madhu B, Haldiya,
KR, Lakshminarayana, J and Chand, Ramesh. Fertility and family planning
practices in the villages of Jaipur district - A preliminary survey. Rajasthan Medical Journal.
1991, 30: 181-88. |
|
|
The present study was carried out in 391 HHS of 38 villages
of different tehsils of Jaipur district following PPS sampling method. Result
showed that mean ages at menarche and cohabitation were 14.3 yrs 15. 3 yrs
respectively. As many as 74 % women had cohabitation at ages between 14-17
yrs. Age at cohabitation and age at first delivery were found to occur at
an early age in comparison to minimum marriage age legalized by the government
thereby increasing reproductive age group which in turn will increase fertility
rate. Only 23.8 % of eligible couple had accepted a permanent method family
planning however other family planning practices were almost negligible.
This may be due to illiteracy, unawareness of health education and family
welfare programs. There is need of intervention by way of abolishing illiteracy,
imparting health education and extending knowledge regarding family planning
practices. |
|
| J-3 |
Ganguly, KK, Yadav, SP, Mahapatra,
A, Dam, PK and Krishnamachari, KAVR. A community based study of the sociological
aspects of night blindness in the desert region of Rajasthan. Ind.
J. Soc. Work,
1992, 63: 45-49. |
|
|
Night blindness is very common in western Rajasthan and the
scarcity of leafy vegetables in the region increases its occurrence. Strong
familial and societal bonds help overcome the agony of the affliction. While
children suffering from night blindness get sympathy from the society, adult
women do not and adult men seem to ignore the affliction. Ignorance and
laxity compound the situation which sometimes has a bearing on the society.
A concerted effort is needed to over come the problem. |
|
| J-4 |
Joshi, V. Dracunculiasis
in Jodhpur district: Studies on some epidemiological and parasitological
aspects. J. Commun. Dis., 1992, 24: 191-93. |
|
|
The aetiology of dracunculiasis differs substantially in
arid and semi-arid regions of western Rajasthan, where ponds and step-wells
are the major source of drinking water. Studies were conducted for three
successive years from 1989-1991. The study revealed that during 1989 and
1990 the no. of cases were 54 and 106 respectively. Density of cyclops,
water temperature & pH and rainfall were found to be the major factors
responsible for the prevalence of no. of cases of guineaworm disease during
different years. |
|
| J-5 |
Krishnamachari, KAVR and
Yadav, SP. Use of camel cart for health care delivery in remote desert habitations.
Annals of Arid Zone, 1992, 31: 151-52. |
|
|
Villages in the desert region of Western Rajasthan are characterized
by scattered households which are clustered into small individual groups
called “Dhanies” (hamlet). The rural population residing in the ‘Dhanis’
need a type of health care delivery system which can reach them when needed
t their far off habitats. Desert conditions put up a number of constraints
to the providers of preventive health care. The principal among which are,
a) the inaccessibility of the facility, b) the low population density of
the region, and c) the scattered ‘Dhani’ system. The distances to be covered
between ‘Dhanis’ are often considerable and this adversely affects the delivery
of health care to the residents. During summers, dust storms often prevent
the operation of the health care delivery system, the major components of
which are prevention of disease and administration of prophylactic measures.
There is, therefore, a need to look for alternative system to existing health
care delivery system which is cost effective, more practical and locally
acceptable as well as operation in the desert in all seasons. Strategics
meant to vector as many persons as possible under the preventive programmes
should aim at a model which could be developed easily, utilizaing locally
available resources and which can allow the health personnel to have closer
contacts with the people in remote areas in the desert. With this in view
a concept of Camel Health Cart was developed and its feasibility and operationability
tested in the desert and found suitable. |
|
| J-6 |
Yadav, SP. A sociological
study of leprosy patients in the Thar Desert. IJPSM, 1992, 23: 37-42. |
|
|
A study was conducted on beggars with leprosy at Ramdeora
in Jaisalmer district to find out the Sociological factors which affect
rehabilitation of leprosy patients in the society. This study covers some
important sociological aspects like knowledge about causation of disease,
age at onset, treatment, reason for leaving their place of origin, desire
to go back to their previous society, reason for unwillingness to join the
main stream of society and communication with their families, Control
group was also taken in the study for making comparison; 84.7% leprosy patients
were Hindu, 72.5 % leprosy patients got disease in the early part of life
(<30Years). Majority (68.4%) of the cases had given history of contacts
with a case of leprosy with in the family; among 90.0% leprosy was the main
cause for uprooting the leprosy patients from their residence. The Social
prejudice and deformities due to disease are responsible for worsening social
lie. The study suggests for social rehabilitation rather then encouragement
of leprosy colonies, prevention of destitution on family level and health
education at community level to remove social stigma. |
|
| J-7 |
Dam. PK, Mahapatra, A, Ganguly,
KK, Dixit, AK, Singh, Madhu B, Lakshminarayana, J, Sapra, GP and Krishnamachari,
KAVR. Socio-Demographic profile of the tribal population in three districts
of Rajasthan. The Eastern Anthropologist, 1993,
45: 241-53. |
|
|
The socio demographic aspects of the tribal population inhabiting
Banswara, Dungarpur and Sirohi with special reference to their health and
nutritional status have been summarized in this paper. 7549 individuals
residing 1,319 households belonging to 49 villages of three districts were
covered under socio demographic study. Out of this sample, diet survey pertaining
consumption pattern of 293 households was conducted that reveals the main
cereals consumed in three districts were Maize and wheat, whereas it was
Bajra among the Girasia tribes of Sirohi district. In Dungarpur the average
cereal and millet intake (gm/day) was consistently higher in all age groups
of male and female than Sirohi district. However for male preschool children
of Dungarpur the intake was lower. Age at first marriage (since remarriage
is permitted) in all the three districts were 15 years and upwards. Percentage
of widowers was uniformly reported to be lower than the widows in the age
group of 25-44 yrs. amongst the females of 45+ age group around 30% were
widows whereas females belonging to reproductive age group (15-44 years)
showed lower trend towards existing widowhood. Such indication supports
the practice of widow remarriage and polygamy in them. The Joint families
constituted 40% of the total families in Banswara and Dungarpur while in
Sirohi the percentage was limited to 20% leading to the emerging trend of
more and more nuclear families. |
|
| J-8 |
Singh, Karam V. Ixodid ticks
infesting some domestic animals in rural areas of Jaipur district
(Rajasthan). Indian J. Parasitol., 1993.16:
173-76. |
|
|
Six ixodid species (Hyalomma anatolicum, H. dromedarii, H. kumari, Rhipicephalus
sanguineus, R. haemaphysaloides & R. turanicus) were recorded from
domestic animals and small mammals in rural areas of semi-arid region of
Rajasthan. H. anatolicum was found to be
the most abundant species and recorded throughout the year. Maximum number
of ixodid species was found on goats and rodents. Nymphs were encountered
only from May to October with peak prevalence in July. Coinciding with the
nymphal prevalence the adult population also started building up from May
with peak in September and then decreasing from October onwards and their
number remained almost static from November to April. |
|
| J-9 |
Singh, Madhu B, Haldiya,
KR, Lakshminarayana, J and Chand, Ramesh. Social and demographic profile
of selected villages in Jaipur district of Rajasthan. Rajasthan
Medical Journal, 1993, 32: 103-08. |
|
|
The present study was carried out in 391 HHS of 38 villages
of different tehsils of Jaipur district following PPS sampling method. Majority
of crops grown were wheat, bajara, moth and gram dal. The major source of
irrigation was well with well motor engine. The majority of the HHs (85.9
%) brought their drinking water from outside the house. More than 90 % percent
of the families possessed live stocks and 17 % of the families kept their
animals in their house.. The commonest material possessed by households
was bicycle and radio / tapes. The major occupation was agriculture and
labourer. |
|
| J-10 |
Singh, Madhu B, Lakshminarayana,
J and Haldiya, KR. KAP study regarding common diseases among rural women
inhabiting some semi-arid areas of Rajasthan. Annals of Arid Zone, 1993,
32: 113-14. |
|
|
In
this study 391 elderly women inhabiting semi arid areas of Rajasthan were
interviewed and the information is gathered on their knowledge, attitude
and practices of common diseases. It is revealed from the study that none
of the women observed in the category of “Knows all” about the causes, preventive
and curative measures of different diseases. Overall knowledge and awareness
of different diseases is very poor except Fever, Diarrhoea and Malaria indicating
a need of health education programs to be organized at village level by
health workers. |
|
| J-11 |
Singh, Karam V and Bansal,
SK. Studies on the feeding pattern of Culex quinquefasciatus,
the vector of lymphatic filasriasis, in a desert district of Rajasthan.
Geobios new Reports, 1995,
14: 13-16. |
|
|
The
studies revealed two peaks of feeding activities i.e. from 22-23 h and 1-2
h, in urban areas, whereas, in rural areas only one peak between 20-21 h,
with constantly high feeding activities during early night hours. The peaks
of feeding, especially urban areas coincide with the presence of microfilarae
in the peripheral blood. |
|
| J-12 |
Singh, Madhu B and Singh,
Karam V. Studies on the role of demographic and socio-economic factors
in the distribution of important vectors in a semi-arid area of Rajasthan.
Proc. Intl. Symp. Vect. Vector-borne Dis., 1995,
2:193-97. |
|
|
Studies
on the role of demographic and socio-economic factors in the distribution
of mosquito, sand flies and ticks conducted in 38 villages of Jaipur district
of Rajasthan revealed that factors like type of family and monthly income
of family independently do not influence the vector distribution. However,
role of type of house in the distribution of mosquitoes (p<0.01), and
sand flies (p<0.01), animal keeping in the distribution of ticks (p<0.01),
distance of source of drinking water in the distribution of mosquitoes (p<0.01),
sand flies (p<0.01), and ticks (p<0.01) was found statistically significant.
Education of the head of the household played significant role in the distribution
of the mosquitoes (p<0.01). The percentage of mosquitoes and sand fly
positive households was found directly proportional to the educational qualification
of the head of the households, whereas, in case of ticks inversely proportional.
|
|
| -J13 |
Ramnath, T and Mathur, ML.
An approach to evaluate a possible bias in Indian well to do standard
weight values and its implication on interpretation of survey results. J. Tropical Pediatr., 1996,
42: 376-78. |
|
|
The results of different nutrition surveys carried out in
India during 1976-1980 by the National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau (NNMB),
Hyderabad, clearly indicated that, among reschool age children, girls often
fared better compared to boys with regard to body weight. In these surveys,
Hyderabad well-to-do standards have been in use, but it is well documented
that, generally, in India girls often have higher morbidity and mortality
compared to boys. In view of the above, it is hypothesized that the values
quoted for girls in Hyderabad standard weight values are possibly on the
low side. A novel approach was developed and the above hypothsis was tested
with the help of lower percentiles. Analysis suggests that there exists
a bias and the values quoted for girls in Hyderabad well-to-do standard
are certainly on the lower side. Hence, as recommended by WHO, there is
a need to adopt NCHS standard values in assessment of the nutritional status
of preschool children instead of local standards. |
|
| J-14 |
Singh, Karam V and Singh,
Madhu B. Studies on the role of socio-demographic factors in the distribution
of rodents in a semi-arid area of Rajasthan. Annals
of Arid Zone, 1996, 35: 69-72. |
|
|
The socio-demographic factors affect the distribution of
rodents (Rattus rattus
& Mus musculus).
In the rural areas of a semi-arid district (Jaipur: Rajasthan) the type
of family (P<0.05), mode of animal keeping (P<0.01) and income of
family (P<0.01) played significant role in their distribution. The difference
among type of houses was not statistically significant. The role of education
of head of family was found to be inversely proportional. Income-wise, medium
income group had higher number of houses positive for rodents. Animal keeping
inside the human dwellings adversely affected the rodent distribution. |
|
| J-15 |
Singh, Madhu B, Haldiya,
KR and Chaudhary, RC. Knowledge and attitude of pregnant women regarding
AIDS in semi-arid area of Rajasthan. J. Commun. Dis., 1997, 29: 139-44. |
|
|
A total of 792 women from 3 hospitals of Jaipur were
surveyed to asses and compare their knowledge and attitudes regarding
various aspects of AIDS. Observations revealed that level of knowledge was
significantly higher in pregnant women from upper income group than low
income group (P<0.05). The misconceptions regarding various aspects of
AIDS viz. symptoms and signs, transmission and prevention and opinion towards
the AIDS patients, indicate there is strong need of AIDS education campaign
in pregnant women too. |
|
| J-16 |
Bansal, SK. Prevalence of
some major disease vectors and their control in semi-arid areas of the Thar
Desert. Proc. Acad. Environ. Biol., 1998, 7: 17-25. |
|
|
The harsh and extreme environmental conditions of the Thar
desert have a direct bearing on the prevalence and seasonal distribution
of major disease vectors. Two major groups of mosquitoes viz. culicines
and anophelines have generally been found to breed in different breeding
habitats. Culicines are represented by Culex quinquefasciatus, Cx. pseudovishnui, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. bitaeniorhynchus,
Cx. raptor, Cx. sitiens, Aedes aegypti, Ae.vittatus and Ae. W-albus. The anophelines are represented by Anopheles stephensi, An. culicifacies, An. subpictus, An.
annularis, An. barbirostris and An. pulcherrimus. Sandflies are represented by two genera viz. Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia. P. papatasi is responsible for
cutaneous leishmaniasis or oriental sore caused by Leishmania tropica. Sergentomyia is represented by
S. Punjabensis, S. babu babu, S. Baghdadis,
S. clydei and S. christophersi. Genus Sergentomyia is responsible for
some of the viral sandfly fevers in the country. Cyclops belonging to class
crustacean are responsible for the transmission of dracunculiasis in the
desert caused by Dracunculus medinensis, a helminth parasite. However, the important step is the control
of these vectors. The control methods should be which are publicly accepted
and environmentally suitable. Chemical control suffers with the problem
of environmental pollution and insecticide resistance. DDT and dieldrin
are less effective, although some organophosphates and synthetic pyrethroids
do have some promising future. Biological control with larvivorous fishes
like Gambusia affinis and Lebistes reticulates is a good alternative. However, some bacterial preparations
like Bacillus
sphaericus and B. thuringiensis have been proved
to be effective larvicides and environmentally eco-friendly. Environmental
control and its management like filling, leveling and drainage of breeding
places especially in the Indira Gandhi canal command areas, where there
is a large scale seepage; proper disposal of sewage, routine emptying of
water containers, desilting of the canal beds and removal of aquatic weeds
like water hyacinth ( Eichhornia crassipes) from canal and lakes based on source reduction can prove
useful methods in semi-arid areas. Finally, the integrated vector control
approach is the most acceptable approach. Lastly, good vector management
can be brought about by geed environmental management and an environmentally
acceptable control strategy. |
|
| J-17 |
Tyagi, BK, Yadav, SP, Dam,
PK and Ramnath, T. Enhanced breeding of malaria/dengue fever transmitting
vector mosquitoes (Anopheles stephensi List, Aedies aegypti Linn.) in multi storey buildings of Jodhpur Township: Prospective
health problems and remedies. Proc. UGC National
Seminar on Multi storey buildings of growing towns problems and remedies,
Jodhpur. 1999, 373-380. |
|
|
Jodhpur is presently amongst the fastest growing cities in
the Rajasthan State. Already there is more than three times the population
size compared to that of 1981. The largely unplanned growth of the township
in various walks of life has put an unprecedently high load on the sanitary
and hygiene needs of the city dwellers living in all types of abodes ranging
from sprawling bungalows in posh colonies and multi storey buildings to
the temporary shanties and hutments in low-lying areas. This situation has
unwillingly created conditions conducive for copius breeding of the major
malaria and dengue vectors, Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti, respectively, causing great intranquality and nuissance to
the citizens. There is therefore, immediate need to re-organize the restructuring
plans of the Jodhpur township from health point-of-view and to provide knowledge
to deep these nefarious mosquito vectors at bay. |
|
| J-18 |
Yadav, SP and Tyagi, BK.
Responses of women with malaria history in relation to family management
and support in the rural Thar Desert, India. Under constant threat of increasing
mosquitogenic conditions. Ann. Med. Entomol., 1999,
9: 32-41. |
|
|
During malaria epidemics in 1992-1994 in the Thar Desert,
a total of 647 women with is story of malaria in past one year were interrogated
in four desert villages, Kanasar and Khetusar, in Jodhpur district and Madasar
and Awai, in Jaisalmer district for their personal experiences in course
of malaria paroxysm. Of these, 4.5% women were pregnant, 3.2% were lactating
while 2% were pregnant with lactating, Nearly 53% women were in the 15-29
years of age group, 73% were illiterate and 80% belonged to low socio-economic
status. A large number of pregnant women (79.3%) reported of having fever
due to malaria. Only sixteen percent women perceived that malaria spreads
by mosquitoes but did not differentiate the vector within the species. Half
of the respondents had pointed out about two types of malaria, namely ‘normal
malaria’ and ‘brain fever’ malaria, which are known as Plasmodium
vivex and P.falciparum malaria. Two third of the respondents were not satisfied with
the health care delivery system, availability of drugs and behaviour of
the health workers. About 95% of pregnant women complained that no major
relief in domestic chores came forward during the period of their suffering
with malarial paroxysms. More than three-fourths of the lactating mothers
acknowledged no special food was taken to develop strength during or after
malaria fever. As to anti-mosquito measures, almost all examined women informed
that only homely available cow dung cakes for smoke and the oil for smearing
on body were employed. The study suggests that an extensive health education
is required in the area to control malaria and its vectors in the historically
hypoendemic areas of the Thar Desert, currently transformed into hyperendimic
areas due to invasion of P. falciparum during last one
decade. |
|
| J-19 |
Yadav, SP, Tyagi, BK, Dam,
PK and Ramnath, T. On some socio-economic aspects of inhabitants of multistory
buildings of Jodhpur city. Proc., UGC National Seminar
on Multi storey buildings of growing towns problems and remedies, Jodhpur.
1999, 53-58. |
|
|
The Sun city Jodhpur is the gate of Thar Desert of Western
part of Rajasthan and second largest city of the state providing accommodation
to approximately seven lakhs of people, of which significant proportion
of people hails from other states of India, Over the years, the overgrowth
of population, ever-increasing economic constraints and cumulative scarcity
of land for housing with basic amenities within the Municipality limits
of the city have necessitated the development of multistoried building in
the Jodhpur city. The concept of multistoried buildings in Jodhpur city
started particularly after the year 1990. This probably satisfies the long
cherished desire of middle class people to live in close vicinity of city
area. The apartments basically provide two-to-three bedroom flats, with
approximately 800-1600 sq. ft. living area, Cost of these flats ranges between
Rs.12-18 lakhs, depending on the locality, type of construction and the
floor area available for living. The residents of these multistoried apartments
are expected to have different socio-economic and health patterns which
will be discussed in great detail. Residents
from each floor in the three multistoried buildings of jodhpur city were
surveyed with a focus to assess the impact of the availability of various
basic amenities like distance need to be covered to avail of any health
facilities during illness, food and nutrition, greenery and kitchen garden
within the building premises, laundry, stalls for vegetables/ other day-to-day
essential articles, in particular for geriatric residents and whether arrangements
of lift facilities for cardiac patients are extended or not, and so on. |
|
| J-20 |
Dam, PK, Ramnath, T, Yadav,
SP and Tyagi, BK. Use of ethnomedicinal practices in the Thar Desert, North
Western, India. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot., 2000,
24: 303-18. |
|
|
Traditional practices were investigated in 338 households
of 11 villages in the Thar Desert, Western India. Ethnomedicinal use for
16 selected health problems was found to be 58.4% which varied significantly
amongst the villages with (55.5%) or without (63.0%) health facilities.
While for fever about 87% favour allopathic treatment, in the case of cough
with headache, pain in bone joints almost 100% relied on ethnomedicine.
Thus, a disease-wise preference for the use of ethno medicine was seen.
Locally available flora constituted an integeral part of ethnomedicine which
however differed in the villages with or without health facilities. More
than 90% reported being satisfied with the use of ethnomedicine. |
|
| J-21 |
Mathur, ML, Yadav, SP and
Tyagi, BK. A Study of an Epidemic of Acute Respiratory Disease in Jaipur
town. J. Postgrad. Med.,
2000. 46: 88-90. |
|
|
AIM: To detect an association between the sudden epidemic
with respiratory symptoms, and fogging with dichlorovos in Jaipur town and
to find out probable mechanism of causation of the epidemic. SUBJECTS AND
METHODS: In this community based study of the epidemic, house to house survey
of households selected using systematic random sampling was carried out.
The incidence in the exposed and unexposed population, the relative risk
and attributable risk were calculated. RESULTS: The incidence of cases was
high (58.9%) in subjects present on roads at the time of fogging as compared
to in those who were inside rooms of the houses (5.4%) and in those who
were not in the locality at that time (1.8%) [Relative Risk (RR)=32.7 and
Attributable Risk (AR)=96.9%]. CONCLUSION: High RR and AR in the present
epidemic indicate strong association between fogging and occurrence of symptoms.
In absence of signs and symptoms of organophosphorus poisoning it suggests
that this could have been due to an inappropriate solvent or defective functioning
of fog generator, leading to generation of an unusual dark fog that might
have irritated eyes and respiratory tract of exposed residents. |
|
| J-22 |
Singh, Karam V and Bansal,
SK. Current insecticide susceptibility status of Culex quinquefasciatus, the
vector of lymphatic filariasis, against few conventional and more potent
insecticides in some desert and non-desert parts of Rajasthan. Annals
of Arid Zone, 2001, 40: 79-84. |
|
|
Studies on the current insecticide susceptibility status
of Culex quinquefasciatus
against few conventional insecticides (DDT & dieldrin) and more potent
ones (malathion, fenitrothion, propoxur and permethrin) were carried-out
in 3 desert (Barmer, Jodhpur & Pali) and 3 non-desert districts (Ajmer,
Kota & Udaipur) in Rajasthan. The results revealed that this species
was no longer susceptible to any of the tested insecticides. In desert districts
the species exhibited resistance to DDT, dieldrin and malathion and intermediate
resistance to fenitrothion, propoxur and permethrin, however, in non-desert
districts, the species, besides resistance to DDT, dieldrin and malathion,
had also developed resistance to propoxur, but it exhibited intermediate
resistance to fenitrothion and permethrin. |
|
| J-23 |
Bansal, SK and Singh, Karam
V. Toxicological evaluation of some organophosphorus compounds against larvae
of Culex quinquefasciatus in Bikaner district, Rajasthan. Annals
of Arid Zone, 2002, 41: 169-73. |
|
|
Effects of six organophosphorus compounds, viz. Malathion,
Fenitrothion, Fenthion, dichlorvos, temephos and chlorpyrifos were evaluated
on larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus, the vector
of lymphatic filariasis. Different diagnostic concentrations supplied by
WHO were used and percent mortalities determined. LC50 values, as determined
by probit analysis, were 1.273, 0.1091, 0.0947, 0.0458, 0.0076 and 0.0038
mg/l, respectively. Chlorpyrifos and temephos were the most toxic where
100% mortality was observed while fenitrothion, fenthion and dichlorvos
were found in between these two extremes. Regression coefficient (slope),
fiducial limits to LC50 and LC95 and heterogeneity of the response (x2) were calculated
for each insecticide. |
|
| J-24 |
Agrawal, RP, Singh, G, Nayak,
KC, Kochar, DK, Sharma, RC, Beniwal, R, Rastogi, P and Gupta, R. Prevalence
of diabetes in camel-milk consuming Raica Rural community of north-west
Rajasthan. Int. J. Diab. Dev. Countries,
2004, 24: 109-14. |
|
|
Anecdotal reports suggest that camel-milk consumption is
associated with low prevalence of diabetes. To determine prevalence of diabetes
and impaired glucose tolerance in habitually camel-milk consuming Raica
community in north-western Rajasthan, we conducted a cross-sectional survey
using stratified sampling of a representative Raica community subjects consuming
camel milk, and Raica community and non-Raica community subjects not consuming
camel milk.We used 75 gm oral glucose-load tolerance test to determine the
glucose intolerance. The fasting as well as post-glucose load glucose levels
were significantly lower in Raica community subjects as compared to the
non-Raica community subjects in the same region (fasting 89.0±15.0 vs. 96.2±20.3 mg/dl; post-glucose 120.2±17.5
vs 131.2±30.2
mg/dl; p<0.001). In camel-milk consuming Raica subjects the age-adjusted
prevalence of diabetes (0.0%), impaired fasting glucose (3.2%), and impaired
fasting glucose (8.6%) was significantly lower than other milk consuming
Raica subjects (4.6%, 7.8%), and 20.6%) and non-Raica subjects (7.5%, 13.4%
and 15.1%) respectively (p<0.01). The prevalence of impaired glucose
tolerance as well diabetes is also in the rural Raica community subjects
of north-west Rajasthan. The prevalence of both is the lowest in camel-milk
consuming Raica community subjects. |
|
| J-25 |
Dewan, A, Bhatnagar, VK,
Mathur, ML, Chakma, T, Kashyap, R, Sadhu, HG, Sinha, SN and Saiyed, HN.
Repeated Episodes of Endosulfan Poisoning. J. Toxicol-Clin.
Toxic., 2004, 42; 363-69. |
|
|
INTRODUCTION: A number of families in a rural area of Jabalpur
District (Madhya Pradesh), India, were affected by repeated episodes of
convulsive illness over a period of three weeks. The aim of this investigation
was to determine the cause of the illness. METHODS: The investigation included
a house-to-house survey, interviews of affected families, discussions with
treating physicians, and examination of hospital records. Endosulfan poisoning
was suspected as many villagers were using empty pesticide containers for
food storage. To confirm this, our team collected blood and food samples,
which were transported to the laboratory and analyzed with GC-ECD. RESULTS:
Thirty-six persons of all age groups had illness of varying severity over
a period of three weeks. In the first week, due to superstitions and lack
of treatment, three children died. In the second week, symptomatic treatment
of affected persons in a district hospital led to recovery but recurrence
of convulsive episodes occurred after they return home. In the third week,
10 people were again hospitalized in a teaching hospital. Investigations
carried out in this hospital ruled out infective etiology but no facilities
were available for chemical analysis. All persons responded to symptomatic
treatment. The blood and food samples analyzed by our team showed presence
of endosulfan which was confirmed by GCMS. One of the food items (Laddu)
prepared from wheat flour was found to contain 676 ppm of alpha-endosulfan.
CONCLUSIONS: Contamination of wheat grains or flour with endosulfan and
its consumption over a period of time was the most likely cause of repeated
episodes of convulsions, but the exact reason for this contamination could
not be determined. This report highlights the unsafe disposal of pesticide
containers by illiterate farm workers, superstitions leading to delay in
treatment, and susceptibility of children to endosulfan. |
|
| J-26 |
Sachdev, R, Haldiya, KR
and Dixit, AK. Acute Intermittent Porphyria in Kumhar Community of Western
Rajasthan. J. Assoc. Physicians India, 2005, 53: 101-03. |
|
|
A cross-sectional study or rural community of Kumhars of
Bikaner district of Western Rajasthan was conducted to know the current
magnitude of the occurrence of Acute Intermittent Porphyria. Three hundred
fifty one households comprising of 2385 Kumhar individuals were approached.
Besides recording other information and examination details, their urine
samples were subjected to Watson-Schwartz Test. In all, 1237 subjects distributed
among 20 randomly selected villages of Bikaner district could be studied.
The prevalence of AIP was estimated to be 1.16%. (CI=0.012±0.0005), showing
higher prevalence than the earlier reported studies. The cases exhibited
varied symptomatology. Overall preponderance was in favour of females (2:1)
and majority (38.9%) of cases belonged to 20-29 years of age. Average age
of manifestation was 24.5±4.8 years. A follow up was also done to know the
disease consequences, if any. The study finds a higher prevalence of the
disease and as such warrants a need for generating awareness among the families
of cases in the vulnerable caste group in the study area for early detection
and better management of the disease. |
|
| J-27 |
Dixit, AK, Anand, PK and Sharma, RC.
A study of district level development factors influencing infant mortality
rate and life expectancy in the Indian Thar Desert. Journal of Rural and Tropical Public Health, 2006, 5: 42-45. |
|
|
This study used a multiple regression analysis to examine
socio-economic characteristics, physical amenities and health care at a
district level and attempted to identify factors that specifically influence
infant mortality rates (IMR) and life expectancy (LE) in the Indian Thar
Desert. Twelve explanatory variables were considered. The criteria for inclusion
of the variables in the regression model, out of those considered, was to
include those for which the desert to non-desert ratio of square of their
correlation coefficient (r2%) with IMR and
LE exceeded one. In addition, the human poverty index was included. The
step down technique retained 6 variables in the regression model in the
case of IMR and 4 in the case of LE. R2% was 84% with retained variables to explain variation in IMR
and LE in desert and quite low in non-desert. The number of health institutions
and percentage of households visited by a health worker in the last 3 months,
ranked top in influencing IMR and LE. The attributable regression suggests
that the little increase (5%) in health institutions (health sub centres
at village level) and doubling the number of health workers visiting households
can better account for IMR and LE in the desert. |
|
| J-28 |
Purohit, SD, Purohit, V
and Mathur, ML. A Clinical scoring system as useful as FNAC in diagnosis
of tuberculous lymphadenitis in HIV positive patients. Curr.
HIV Res,. 2006, 4: 459-62. |
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Among HIV positive patients, Fine needle aspiration
cytology (FNAC) or biopsy for diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenopathy is
often avoided due to an unspoken stigma. Earlier, we had developed a clinical
scoring scale for the diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBLN), which
had 88% sensitivity and detected no false positives. In the present study,
we attempted to develop similar scale that could assist in diagnosing TBLN
in AIDS. All 42 HIV positive patients of adenitis attending Ramdeo Hospital
and Research Centre, Jodhpur between August 200 I and December 2004 were
studied. History of past tuberculosis, age, history of rapid weight loss,
site, size, consistency and the presence of matting and sinus formation
of enlarged lymph nodes, result of tuberculin test, sputum smear and findings
in chest radiograph were compared between patients diagnosed as TBLN and
those showing non-tuberculous lymphadenitis (Non-TBLN) on cytopathological
examination of material obtained by fine needle aspiration. Based on the
results, clinical scores from zero to two were assigned to different clinical
features. The total clinical score was then calculated for each patient.
A total clinical score of five or more included all TBLN cases and only
10.5% false positives. This scoring system can be used in remote peripheral
areas which do not have the facility for biopsy or FNAC. |
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K.
Bio-Statistics |
|
| K-1 |
Dixit, AK, Agarwal, SK and Singh, P. Impact of Agricultural
Development on Nutrition: A Perspective Study in Jodhpur and Jaipur District.
J. Ind. Soc. Agric. Statistics,
1997, 50: 29-36. |
|
| K-2 |
Misra, KN and Lakshminarayana, J. A generalized compound
inflated Binomial distribution. Jammu Stat. Reviews, Jammu University,
Jammu Tawi. 1998, 47-52. |
|
| K-3 |
Dixit, AK and Agarwal, SK. Expenditure pattern in desert,
reprinted from Statistical Methods and Application in Biology and Medicine.
Proc. First Jt. Conf. ISMS and IBSIR, 1999, 229-35. |
|
| K-4 |
Lakshminarayana, J and Misra, KN. A generalized inflated
compound Binomial distribution. Proc. First Jt. Conf. ISMS and IBSIR, 1999, 123-28. |
|
| K-5 |
Dixit, AK, Agarwal, SK and Singh, P. Agricultural,
Development and Calorie Consumption in Rajasthan: An Analysis through Econometric
Modeling. Annals of Arid Zone, 2000, 39: 465-470. |
|
| K-6 |
Lakshminarayana, J and Misra, KN. A generalized compound
inflated Poisson distribution. Proc. Jt. Conf. ISMS and IBSIR, 2001. |
|
|
Abstracts |
|
| K-1 |
Dixit, AK, Agarwal, SK and
Singh, P. Impact of Agricultural Development on Nutrition: A Perspective
Study in Jodhpur and Jaipur District. J. Ind. Soc.
Agric. Statistics, 1997, 50: 29-36. |
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|
The impact of agricultural development on malnutrition (Calorie
inadequacy) in desert is studied. For this purpose, the distributions of
calorie-consumption per consumer unit (C.U.) in the two districts of Rajasthan
namely Jodhpur (with inadequate agricultural development) and Jaipur (with
adequate agricultural development) are analyzed. Attempts are also made
to see the intra and inter various in calorie intake among the income classes
of the agricultural community. The agricultural developmental strategies
are also examined in the light of the standard of its appraisal. It has
been noted that despite of satisfactory agricultural development in case
of Jaipur, the malnutrition situation in the district goes parallel to that
of Jodhpur. |
|
| K-2 |
Misra, KN and Lakshminarayana,
J. A generalized compound inflated Binomial distribution. Jammu Stat. Reviews, Jammu
University, Jammu Tawi. 1998, 47-52. |
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|
A generalized inflated binomial distribution compounded with
generalized beta distribution has been defined. Some interesting special
cases have been deduced. Procedures for finding out the moments have been
outlined. |
|
| K-3 |
Dixit, AK and Agarwal, SK.
Expenditure pattern in desert, reprinted from Statistical Methods and Application
in Biology and Medicine. Proc. First Jt. Conf. ISMS
and IBSIR, 1999, 229-235. |
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|
The study analyses the utilization of income
generation through agricultural development on food expenditure agricultural
investments and social expenditures in a desert district-Jodhpur by comparing
the situation with Jaipur a district with adequate agricultural development
so as to reveal the agriculture nutritional linkage in desert. The analysis
sounds an alarm, as it appears that the agriculture development in the desert
has led to considerable enhanced investment on agriculture increasing thereby
the debt-pressure and making less effective the improvement of mal-nutritional
problem in the community through agricultural development. |
|
| K-4 |
Lakshminarayana, J and Misra,
KN. A generalized inflated compound Binomial distribution. Proc. First Jt. Conf. ISMS and IBSIR, 1999, 123-28. |
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|
A
generalized compound inflated binomial probability distribution, compounded
with transformed gamma distribution has been defined incorporating the special
function technique as introduced by Mathai & Saxena (1971, 1973). George
& Mathai (1975), and Saxena & Misra (1991). The particular cases
of this distribution may find useful application in bio-medical studies
provided the parameters become estimable. Some interesting special cases
have been deduced. Its application in the field of bio-medical sciences
has also bee elucidated. |
|
| K-5 |
Dixit, AK, Agarwal, SK and
Singh, P. Agricultural, Development and Calorie Consumption in Rajasthan:
An Analysis through Econometric Modeling. Annals
of Arid Zone, 2000, 39: 465-470. |
|
|
The agricultural development is linked with calorie-consumption
as tit makes available the subsistence production and generates income to
buy sufficient food. The calorie consumption was studied in two districts,
Jodhpur (with inadequate agricultural development) and Jaipur (with adequate
agricultural development). Using econometric models it is found that marginal
propensity to obtain a calorie intake in relation to household income is
only 0.0893 in case of Jodhpur and tends to be negative in case of Jodhpur
with agricultural development. However, raising subsistence production by
one unit, the calorie intake is almost doubled in Jodhpur. The local food
preferences are of paramount importance here. The results suggest that in
order to check calorie-inadequacy in desert population through agricultural
development, the strategies should be to promote more the subsistence production
of local calorie-rich crops. |
|
| K-6 |
Lakshminarayana, J and Misra,
KN. A generalized compound inflated Poisson distribution. Proc. Jt. Conf. ISMS and IBSIR, 2001. |
|
|
The generalized Poisson distribution has been introduced
assuming that ‘l’ varies according
to probability law as defied by Saxena and Misra (1991 a) with the help
of special function. The generalized compound Poisson distribution inflated
in the rth cell has been defined incorporating the generalized hypergeometric
function. Several interesting special cases with useful applications have
been mentioned. The generalization has been worked out by taking matrix
argument. The modified Poisson distribution with special cases have been
deduced with MGF, characteristic function etc., worked out in usual manner.
These have usefull applications in bio-medical sciences, fertility and similar
other situations provided the parameters estimable, which can be tried with
latest computer technology. |
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